There is extraordinary variation in how governments treat multinational corporations in emerging economies; in fact, governments around the world have nationalized or eaten away at the value of foreign-owned property in violation of international treaties. This even occurs in poor countries, where governments are expected to, at a minimum, respect the contracts they make with foreign firms lest foreign capital flee. In The Shield of Nationality, Rachel Wellhausen introduces foreign-firm nationality as a key determinant of firms' responses to government breaches of contract. Firms of the same nationality are likely to see a compatriot's broken contract as a forewarning of their own problems, leading them to take flight or fight. In contrast, firms of other nationalities are likely to meet the broken contract with apparent indifference. Evidence includes quantitative analysis and case studies that draw on field research in Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania.

The Shield of Nationality examines multinational corporations' relations with governments in developing countries. Wellhausen explains why governments can sometimes expropriate foreign-owned property, even in an era in which global capital is expected to have significant power. A new factor - the nationality of multinational corporations - is discussed as a source of political risk.

From limited interactions in the early 1990s, the EU and Central Asia now consider each other to be increasingly important. This book includes 12 chapters written by seasoned and policy-engaged researchers from across Eurasia and the wider world that analyse multiple levels of mutual interactions, understandings and misunderstandings across a range of policy areas. It shows why and in what ways exactly the EU and Central Asia matter to each other and why policymakers and researchers should pay more attention to their interactions. Central Asia falls under the broader external relations and security agenda of the EU, and over years it provided a testing ground for many EU policies, including the priority ones of region-building and resilience promotion. Looking at the EU, in turn, informs as to how Central Asian actors interact with external partners of the region, and how that can influence national policy agendas and consequently everyday life – bringing new approaches, insights and evidence also to the wide field of EU studies. This book is of key interest to scholars, practitioners and students of Central Asian history and politics, EU foreign policy, EU-Central Asia relations, and more broadly of EU studies, International Relations, regionalism and interregionalism as well as security studies. The chapters in this book were published over three issues of Central Asian Survey.

The re-birth of Russia which is now taking place cannot be understood apart from the Jewish problem. As Russia's leading Liberal statesman, Prof. Paul MilukovÑwho is well and favorably known in America because of extended visits hereÑpoints out in the article he contributes to the present volume, the anti-Semitic parties coincide with the anti-constitutional parties. At first this seems a strange and unaccountable fact, but a brief glance at the history of other countries will show that the party standing for the persecution of weak foreign neighbours and the oppression of minority races within and without a country has always and everywhere been the party of reaction. As Milukov says, there was no need for an anti-constitutional movement until there was a constitutional movement. As soon as Liberalism appeared, however, and gained support among the masses, it was necessary to fabricate some counter movement, and the governmental bureaucracy fixed upon anti-Semitism as a primitive means of appealing to the masses, and so of bridling them. It may be further pointed out that this systematic propaganda against democracy was almost non-existent in Russia until it had become thoroughly organised and successful in Germany. Both Kovalevsky and Milukov demonstrate in the present volume that anti-Semitism became an important factor in Russian life only after the middle of the Nineteenth CenturyÑthat is to say, after the final victory of Prussian Reactionism over German Liberalism in 1849 (a victory which has lasted to the present time)Ñand still more, after the great military victories of Prussia from 1864 to 1870 had put Prussian militarism in the saddle and had made it the dominating force in the Russian court and Russian bureaucracy.

The worldwide number of incidents involving civil disturbances, public unrests, demonstrations, uprisings, and riots is increasing by the minute. Each incident presents an ever-demanding challenge for law enforcement and security professionals. A detailed and understandable manual for security enforcement and riot control professionals is a priority, and the answer to those challenging situations.Any professional actively, directly, or indirectly engaged in crowd control operations, vice or veteran, whether in a unit or as team leader, must train for and be able to pinpoint even the most unexpected security concerns. Behind the Shield contains carefully selected and illustrated material for the crowd control, law enforcement, and security professional. All of the available training and study material, individual case studies, and real scenarios, combined with professional experience, serve as the foundation for this specialist's manual. Comprehensive, detailed, and straightforward, Behind the Shield is the only book to offer an in-depth look into the operational aspects of crowd control operations. It guides the reader through a diversity of advanced disciplines and skills, and contains all the necessary ingredients for effective crowd control planning and operations.Information about every aspect of crowd control operations is t only an important part of the professional's ongoing training curriculum, but is also crucial for those officials who seek a professional operation and solution, facing t only today's security needs, but also those of the future.

The only publication wholly devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of decisions of international courts and arbitrators.