Annotation Interventional cardiologists, general cardiologists, endocrinologists, diabetologists The World Health Organization has projected that the prevalence of diabetes will double over the next 22 years - from a current figure of 150 million to an estimated 300 million people by the year 2025. The health-care burden of diabetes is enormous, and effective strategies to combat the explosive rise in the global incidence and prevalence of diabetes are urgently needed. Furthermore, diabetic patients have a considerable risk for cardiovascular disease, with up to 80% of deaths in individuals with diabetes attributable to microvascular or macrovascular complications. This book provides a concise overview of the present state of the art relating to the impact of diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular disease and to emerging treatment strategies that are beginning to impact on the management of the cardiovascular complications of this debilitating condition.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that is responsible for regulating plasma sodium ion concentration and arterial blood pressure in the body. The system involves several peptides such as angiotensin I and II as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to enable the constriction of arterial blood vessels in the lung. Angiotensin II also stimulates the production of the hormone aldosterone in the kidneys which brings sodium ions into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium ions. Malfunctions of the RAS can lead to hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and renal complications. Thus the biochemical components of this system serve as important targets for therapeutic drugs. This monograph is a compilation of updated reviews on the RAS. The monograph covers describes the components of the system to explaining its physiological and clinical features in the cardiovascular system and the kidneys. This is followed by sections explaining the biochemistry of the RAS system in cardiovascular and renal disease and the pharmacology of relevant therapeutic drugs. Additional information on the effect of exercise states and methods to quantify angiotensins for molecular diagnosis is also presented in the concluding sections. Information in the monograph will be of interest to physiologists and endocrinologists involved in medical studies or clinical practice. Readers will be able to understand the RAS with a holistic frame of reference.

Authored by leading investigators in the field of cardiovascular research and practicing clinicians across the globe, this book details the scientific evidence for the heath effect of vitamins, antioxidants and functional food, specifically, their role in the cardiovascular system and provides recommendations in cardiovascular nutrition.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease raises awareness about the importance of early recognition and prevention of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Some non-modifiable factors, like diabetes, can even be impacted by lifestyle modification (like weight loss) early in the disease. This book also describes cardiovascular risk factors in different patient populations and work settings.

This third edition of the book offers an up-to-date review of Diabetes Mellitus with a focus on both Micro- and Macrovascular Disease. The text includes a review of the basic concepts of : Diabetes and Vascular Disease, including Endothelial Dysfunction; The Effect of Insulin on the Vascular System; The Mechanism of Atherosclerosis in Diabetes Mellitus and the Role of Inflammation on the Vascular Tree; and The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteronism on Diabetes Mellitus. Chapters will discuss the Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as well as the Metabolic Syndrome. Other chapters discuss the Risk Factors of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, including Hypertension; Dyslipidemia; and Thrombosis. The book also reviews Microcirculation; Diabetic Nephropathy; Diabetic Retinopathy; as well as the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease; Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes and Percutaneous Interventions; Diabetes and Cardiac Surgery; and Diabetes and Heart Failure. Chapters conclude with a review of the present-day Treatment of the Diabetic Patient. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, 3rd Edition, offers practicing physicians a cutting-edge scientific and clinical review of diabetic cardiovascular disease, providing both a deeper understanding of its pathology and all the day-to-day practical knowledge needed to treat patients effectively.

The cause of diabetes mellitus is metabolic in origin. However, its major clinical manifestations, which result in most of the morbidity and mortality, are a result of its vascular pathology. In fact, the American Heart Association has recently stated that, “from the point of view of cardiovascular medicine, it may be appropriate to say, diabetes is a cardiovascular disease” (1). But diabetic vascular disease is not limited to just the macrovasculature. Diabetes mellitus also affects the microcirculation with devastating results, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States, while diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new-onset blindness in working-age Americans. The importance of this text on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease is evident by the magnitude of the population affected by diabetes mellitus. Over 10 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, while another 5 million remain undiagnosed. The impact from a public health perspective is huge and increasing. As the population of the United States grows older, more sedentary, and obese, the risk of developing diabetes and its complications will increase. Epidemiological studies have identified diabetes mellitus as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Over 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from a cardiovascular cause. The prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus who develop overt clinical cardiovascular disease is much worse than those cardiovascular patients free of diabetes mellitus.

Substantial morbidity and mortality remains associated with thrombotic events has stimulated the rapid expansion of the available armamentarium to combat pathologic thrombosis. Pathologic thrombosis plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), venous thromboembolic disease, and embolic complications of arrhythmias and various cardiomyopathies. Written by experts in the field, Antithrombotic Drug Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease carefully examines individual and various combinations of the available antithrombotic regimens including fibrinolytic agents, antiplatelet therapies (aspirin, thieneopyridines, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), and anticoagulant therapies (unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, direct thrombin inhibitors, and synthetic factor X inhibitors), non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) ACS and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A detailed overview, Antithrombotic Drug Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease presents the evidence demonstrating the efficacy of available antithrombotic therapies in specific disease states such as atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).