Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Safety of Controllers, Sensors, and Actuators addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include risk reduction techniques in semiconductor-based systems, component certification, and safety assessment and audits for vehcicle components. As the fifth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.

Since the early seventies, the development of the automobile has been characterized by a steady increase in the deploymnet of onboard electronics systems and software. This trend continues unabated and is driven by rising end-user demands and increasingly stringent environmental requirements. Today, almost every function onboard the modern vehicle is electronically controlled or monitored. The software-based implementation of vehicle functions provides for unparalleled freedoms of concept and design. However, automobile development calls for the accommodation of contrasting prerequisites – such as higher demands on safety and reliability vs. lower cost ceilings, longer product life cycles vs. shorter development times – along with growing proliferation of model variants. Automotive Software Engineering has established its position at the center of these seemingly conflicting opposites. This book provides background basics as well as numerous suggestions, rare insights, and cases in point concerning those processes, methods, and tools that contribute to the surefooted mastery of the use of electronic systems and software in the contemporary automobile.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2007. The 33 revised full papers and 16 short papers are organized in topical sections on safety cases, impact of security on safety, fault tree analysis, safety analysis, security aspects, verification and validation, platform reliability, reliability evaluation, formal methods, static code analysis, safety-related architectures.

Focusing on the vehicle's most important subsystems, this book features an introduction by the editor and 40 SAE technical papers from 2001-2006. The papers are organized in the following sections, which parallel the steps to be followed while building a complete final system: Introduction to Safety-Critical Automotive Systems Safety Process and Standards Requirements, Specifications, and Analysis Architectural and Design Methods and Techniques Prototyping and Target Implementation Testing, Verifications, and Validation Methods

Theimportanceofsafetyandsecurityisgrowingsteadily.Safetyisaqualityc- racteristic that traditionally has been considered to be important in embedded systems, and security is usually an essential property in business applications. There is certainly a tendency to use software-based solutions in safety-critical applications domains, which increases the importance of safety engineering te- niques. These include modelling and analysis techniques as well as appropriate processes and tools. And it is surely correct that the amount of con?dential data that require protection from unauthorized access is growing. Therefore, security is very important. On the one hand, the traditional motivations for addressing safety and security still exist, and their relevance has improved. On the other hand, safety and security requirements occur increasingly in the same system. At present, many software-based systems interact with technical equipment and they communicate, e.g., with users and other systems. Future systems will more and more interact with many other entities (technical systems, people, the en- ronment). In this situation, security problems may cause safety-related failures. It is thus necessary to address safety and security. It is furthermore required to take into account the interactions between these two properties.

Computers and their interactions are becoming the characteristic features of our time: Many people believe that the industrial age is going over into the information age. In the same way as life of the beginning of this century was dominated by machines, factories, streets and railways, the starting century will be characterised by computers and their networks. This change naturally affects also the institutions and the installations our lives depend upon: power plants, including nuclear ones, chemical plants, mechanically working factories, cars, railways and medical equipment; they all depend on computers and their connections. In some cases it is not human life that may be endangered by computer failure, but large investments; e. g. if a whole plant interrupts its production for a long time. In addition to loss of life and property one must not neglect public opinion, which is very critical in many countries against major technical defects. The related computer technology, its hardware, software and production process differ between standard applications and safety related ones: In the safety case it is normally not only the manufacturers and the customers that are involved, but a third party, usually an assessor, who is taking care of the public interest on behalf of a state authority. Usually safety engineers are in a better position than their colleagues from the conventional side, as they may spend more time and money on a particular task and use better equipment.

Automotive Applications of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation shines a light on HIL simulation testing methodology commonly used in the automotive industry for conventional, electrification and autonomy applications and can serve as an introductory resource for college students looking to join the automotive industry or experienced technical professionals who need a deeper understanding on what is HIL simulation, what are its benefits and how can it be used in their respective organizations.

The safe and secure operation ofcomputer systems continues to be the major issue in many applications where there is a threat to people, the environment, investment or goodwill. Such applications include medical devices, railway signalling, energy distribution, vehicle control and monitoring, air traffic control, industrial process control, telecommunications systemsand manyothers. This book represents the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, held in York, UK, 7-10 September 1997. The conference reviews the state ofthe art, experience and new trends in the areas of computer safety, reliability and security. It forms a platform for technology transfer between academia, industry and research institutions. In an expanding world-wide market for safe, secure and reliable computer systems SAFECOMP 97 provides an opportunity for technical developers, users and legislators to exchange and review the experience, to consider the best technologies now available and to identify the skills and technologies required for the future. The papers were carefully selected by the Conference International Programme Committee. The authors of the papers come from twelve different countries. The subjects covered include safe software, safety cases, management & development, security, human factors, guidelines standards & certification, applications & industrial experience, formal methods & models andvalidation, verification and testing. SAFECOMP '97 continues the successful series of SAFECOMP conferences first held in 1979 in Stuttgart. SAFECOMP is organised by the European Workshop on Industrial Computer Systems, Technical Committee 7 on Safety, Security and Reliability (EWICS TC7).

Safety and Reliability of Complex Engineered Systems contains the Proceedings of the 25th European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2015, held 7-10 September 2015 in Zurich, Switzerland. Including 570 papers on theories and methods in the area of risk, safety and reliability, and their applications to a wide range of industrial, civil and social sectors, this book will be of interest to academics and professionals involved or interested in aspect of risk, safety and reliability in various engineering areas.