The New Political Economy Of Pharmaceuticals
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Author |
: Hans Löfgren |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 282 |
Release |
: 2016-04-30 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781137315854 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1137315857 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (54 Downloads) |
Synopsis The New Political Economy of Pharmaceuticals by : Hans Löfgren
Some two decades will shortly have passed since the WTO's Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement came into force in 1995. This volume is the first cross-country analysis of how TRIPS has affected the capacity of 11 major low or medium income countries to produce generic drugs.
Author |
: Jill A. Fisher |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 280 |
Release |
: 2009 |
ISBN-10 |
: STANFORD:36105132234696 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (96 Downloads) |
Synopsis Medical Research for Hire by : Jill A. Fisher
Today, more than 75 percent of pharmaceutical drug trials in the United States are being conducted in the private sector. Once the sole province of academic researchers, these important studies are now being outsourced to non-academic physicians. According to Jill A. Fisher, this major change in the way medical research is performed is the outcome of two problems in U.S. health care: decreasing revenue for physicians and decreasing access to treatment for patients. As physicians report diminishing income due to restrictive relationships with insurers, increasing malpractice insurance premiums, and inflated overhead costs to operate private practices, they are attracted to pharmaceutical contract research for its lucrative return. Clinical trials also provide limited medical access to individuals who have no or inadequate health insurance because they offer "free" doctors' visits, diagnostic tests, and medications to participants. Focusing on the professional roles of those involved, as well as key research practices, Fisher assesses the risks and advantages for physicians and patients alike when pharmaceutical drug studies are used as an alternative to standard medical care. A volume in the Critical Issues in Health and Medicine series, edited by Rima D. Apple and Janet Golden
Author |
: |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 116 |
Release |
: 1984 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:932977195 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (95 Downloads) |
Synopsis POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY. by :
Author |
: Jill A. Fisher |
Publisher |
: Rutgers University Press |
Total Pages |
: 273 |
Release |
: 2008-11-06 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780813545936 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0813545935 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (36 Downloads) |
Synopsis Medical Research for Hire by : Jill A. Fisher
Today, more than 75 percent of pharmaceutical drug trials in the United States are being conducted in the private sector. Once the sole province of academic researchers, these important studies are now being outsourced to non-academic physicians. According to Jill A. Fisher, this major change in the way medical research is performed is the outcome of two problems in U.S. health care: decreasing revenue for physicians and decreasing access to treatment for patients. As physicians report diminishing income due to restrictive relationships with insurers, increasing malpractice insurance premiums, and inflated overhead costs to operate private practices, they are attracted to pharmaceutical contract research for its lucrative return. Clinical trials also provide limited medical access to individuals who have no or inadequate health insurance because they offer "free" doctors' visits, diagnostic tests, and medications to participants. Focusing on the professional roles of those involved, as well as key research practices, Fisher assesses the risks and advantages for physicians and patients alike when pharmaceutical drug studies are used as an alternative to standard medical care. A volume in the Critical Issues in Health and Medicine series, edited by Rima D. Apple and Janet Golden
Author |
: Julia Buxton |
Publisher |
: Zed Books Ltd. |
Total Pages |
: 142 |
Release |
: 2013-07-04 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781848137523 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1848137524 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (23 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Political Economy of Narcotics by : Julia Buxton
This book explores the origins, history and organisation of the international system of narcotic drug control with a specific focus on heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It argues that the century-long quest to eliminate the production, trade in and use of narcotic drugs has been a profound failure. The statistics produced by the international and domestic narcotic drug control agencies point to a sustained expansion of the drug trade, despite the imposition of harsh criminal sanctions against those engaged, as producers, traffickers or consumers, in the narcotic drugs market. The roots of this major international policy failure are traced back to the outdated ideology of prohibition, which is shown to be counterproductive, utopian and a fundamentally inadequate basis for narcotic drug policy in the twenty-first century. Prohibition, championed by many US policy makers, has left the international community poorly positioned to confront those changes to the drug trade and drug markets that have resulted from globalisation. Moreover, prohibition based approaches are causing more harm than good, as is demonstrated through reference to issues such as HIV/AIDS, the environment, conflict, development and social justice. As the drug control system approaches its centenary, there are signs that the global consensus on narcotic drug prohibition is fracturing. Some European and South American states are pushing for a new approach based on regulation, decriminalisation and harm reduction. But those seeking to revise prohibition strategies faces entrenched resistance, primarily by the U.S. This important text argues that successive American governments have pursued a contradictory approach; acting decisively against the narcotic drug trade at home and abroad, while at the same time working with drug traffickers and producer states when it is in America's strategic interest. As a result, US policy approaches emerge as a decisive factor in accounting for the failure of prohibition.
Author |
: Kenneth C. Shadlen |
Publisher |
: Oxford University Press |
Total Pages |
: 311 |
Release |
: 2017-08-04 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780191612275 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0191612278 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (75 Downloads) |
Synopsis Coalitions and Compliance by : Kenneth C. Shadlen
Coalitions and Compliance examines how international changes can reconfigure domestic politics. Since the late 1980s, developing countries have been subject to intense pressures regarding intellectual property rights. These pressures have been exceptionally controversial in the area of pharmaceuticals. Historically, fearing the economic and social costs of providing private property rights over knowledge, developing countries did not allow drugs to be patented. Now they must do so, an obligation with significant implications for industrial development and public health. This book analyses different forms of compliance with this new imperative in Latin America, comparing the politics of pharmaceutical patenting in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Coalitions and Compliance focuses on two periods of patent politics: initial conflicts over how to introduce drug patents, and then subsequent conflicts over how these new patent systems function. In contrast to explanations of national policy choice based on external pressures, domestic institutions, or Presidents' ideological orientations, this book attributes cross-national and longitudinal variation to the ways that changing social structures constrain or enable political leaders' strategies to construct and sustain supportive coalitions. The analysis begins with assessment of the relative resources and capabilities of the transnational and national pharmaceutical sectors, and these rival actors' efforts to attract allies. Emphasis is placed on two ways that social structures are transformed so as to affect coalition-building possibilities: how exporters fearing the loss of preferential market access may be converted into allies of transnational drug firms, and differential patterns of adjustment among state and societal actors that are inspired by the introduction of new policies. It is within the changing structural conditions produced by these two processes that political leaders build coalitions in support of different forms of compliance.
Author |
: Alex Stevens |
Publisher |
: Routledge |
Total Pages |
: 216 |
Release |
: 2010-10-04 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781136918209 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1136918205 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (09 Downloads) |
Synopsis Drugs, Crime and Public Health by : Alex Stevens
Drugs, Crime and Public Health provides an accessible but critical discussion of recent policy on illicit drugs. Using a comparative approach - centred on the UK, but with insights and complementary data gathered from the USA and other countries - it argues that problematic drug use can only be understood in the social context in which it takes place.
Author |
: Pierre Kopp |
Publisher |
: Routledge |
Total Pages |
: 426 |
Release |
: 2003-11-20 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781134487448 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1134487444 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (48 Downloads) |
Synopsis Political Economy of Illegal Drugs by : Pierre Kopp
With debates surrounding the decriminalisation of certain illegal drugs raging in many countries around the world, this new book is a timely and sober reflection on one of the biggest social problems facing the world at large. Of interest not only to economists, but also to criminologists and those involved in policy-making, The Economics of Illega
Author |
: Kenneth C. Shadlen |
Publisher |
: Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages |
: 353 |
Release |
: 2011-01-01 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780857938619 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0857938614 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (19 Downloads) |
Synopsis Intellectual Property, Pharmaceuticals and Public Health by : Kenneth C. Shadlen
'This impressive collection offers fascinating new perspectives on the impact of pharmaceutical patents on access to medicines in developing countries. The volume's editors have put together an important book that sets out clearly the challenges to public health in a wide range of national contexts. The book will be a valuable text for all scholars and decision-makers interested in the global politics of intellectual property rights and public health.' – Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the globalization of trade and production and the increased harmonization of national regulations on intellectual property rights. With authors from eleven different countries presenting case studies of national experiences in Africa, Asia and the Americas, the book analyzes national strategies to promote pharmaceutical innovation, while at the same time assuring widespread access to medicines through generic pharmaceutical production and generic pharmaceutical importation. The expert chapters focus on patents as well as an array of regulatory instruments, including pricing and drug registration policies. Presenting in-depth analysis and original empirical research, this book will strongly appeal to academics and students of intellectual property, international health, international political economy, international development and law.
Author |
: Sherry S. Marcellin |
Publisher |
: Routledge |
Total Pages |
: 227 |
Release |
: 2016-02-24 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781317020806 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1317020804 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (06 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Political Economy of Pharmaceutical Patents by : Sherry S. Marcellin
This book provides a fresh, multidisciplinary, and exciting look at the making and remaking of pharmaceutical patents at the GATT/WTO, by utilising a Coxian political economy of continuity and change in the global political economy (GPE). Marcellin focuses on the role of the transnational drug industry in the making of the patent provisions in the original TRIPS Agreement and consequently, the role of the African Group at the WTO in the remaking of those patent provisions.