An examination of the Mother Goddess in Italian Renaissance art by art historian Edith Balas.

Benvenuto Cellini’s Perseus and Medusa, one of Renaissance Italy’s most complex sculptures, is the subject of this study, which proposes that the statue’s androgynous appearance is paradoxical. Symbolizing the male ruler overcoming a female adversary, the Perseus legitimizes patriarchal power; but the physical similarity between Cellini’s characters suggests the hero rose through female agency. Dr. Corretti argues that although not a surrogate for powerful Medici women, Cellini’s Medusa may have reminded viewers that Cosimo I de’ Medici’s power stemmed in part from maternal influence. Drawing upon a vast body of art and literature, Dr. Corretti concludes that Cellini and his contemporaries knew the Gorgon as a version of the Earth Mother, whose image is found in art for Medici women.

During the later 15th and in the 16th centuries pictures began to be made without action, without place for heroism, pictures more rueful than celebratory. In part, Renaissance art adjusted to the social and economic pressures with an art we may be hard pressed to recognize under that same rubric-an art not so much of perfected nature as simply artless. Granted, the heroic and epic mode of the Renaissance was that practiced most self-consciously and proudly. Yet it is one of the accomplishments of Renaissance art that heroic and epic subjects and style occasionally made way for less affirmative subjects and compositional norms, for improvisation away from the Vitruvian ideal. The limits of idealizing art, during the very period denominated as High Renaissance, is a topic that involves us in the history of class prejudice, of gender stereotypes, of the conceptualization of the present, of attitudes toward the ordinary, and of scruples about the power of sight Exploring the low style leads us particularly to works of art intended for display in private settings as personally owned objects, potentially as signs of quite personal emotions rather than as subscriptions to publicly vaunted ideologies. Not all of them show shepherds or peasants; none of them-not even Giorgione's La tempesta -is a classic pastoral idyll. The rosso stile is to be understood as more comprehensive than that. The issue is not only who is represented, but whether the work can or cannot be fit into the mold of a basically affirmative art.

A Trilogy bringing together titles by John O’Meara that are also individually available from iUniverse. The Modern Debacle Containing close readings of work by Beckett, Hemingway, and T.S.Eliot; Tennessee Williams, Chekhov, Arthur Miller, and Brecht; Plath, Hughes, and Robert Graves, and W.B. Yeats. “beautifully and fluently written and ingenious in its combination of catastrophes” --Anthony Gash, Drama Head, The University of East Anglia Myth, Depravity, Impasse An in-depth study of Robert Graves, the modern theory of myth and Ted Hughes, with further reference to Shakespeare and to Keats. “I am very sympathetic to the cause of myth and especially in relation to literature” --Michael Bell , author of Literature, Modernism and Myth in a letter to John O’Meara This Life, This Death An extensive study of Wordsworth’s great life-crisis, with additional reference to S.T. Coleridge, and to P.B. Shelley. “Of this Wordsworth book, one recognizes its truth, its breadth of coverage and awareness, and above all its depth...” --Richard Ramsbotham, editor of Vernon Watkins, New Selected Poems, Carcanet Press.

"O'Meara's work is the perfect supplement to [Ted] Hughes's "Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being", shedding further illumination into those areas where Hughes's penetrating lens finally appears to dim. [This work] shines utterly clear light on the path of understanding we may re-win with regard to myth, forcing the reader to face the incredible starkness of the prospect we face—and the lack of options—ever closing in—and also giving the reader the necessary clues to follow, particularly Barfield, Shakespeare and Rudolf Steiner." —Richard Ramsbotham, author of Who Wrote Bacon? William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon and James I "Very interesting stuff. Particularly where you parallel the break through the tragic dead end to the transcendental-redemptive solution--that I follow from "Macbeth" through "Lear" to the last plays--with the Steinerian view of the same progress." —Ted Hughes on Othello's Sacrifice, Letter to John O'Meara, 21 November, 1996, in the Ted Hughes Archives, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia This volume brings together virtually all of the published shorter critical work of John O'Meara, gathered from over 30 years of production. What emerges is an extensive, uniquely challenging interpretation of the evolution of, for the most part, English literary history, from Shakespeare's time to our own. "excellent Shakespearean explorations...The idea of Lutheran depravity without Lutheran grace or Lutheran-Calvinist justification is very strong and original..." —Anthony Gash, author of The Substance of Shadows: Shakespeare's Dialogue with Plato "O'Meara sets out to demonstrate... the essential fact that "full encounter with human depravity" was[/is] a necessary step in the attaining of true [otherworldly] Imagination." —Eric Philips-Oxford, on The New School of the Imagination from the Sektion fur Schone Wissenschaften, the Goetheanum, Newsletter, Issue No. 3, Winter/Spring 2008-2009.

For survey courses in Italian Renaissance art. A broad survey of art and architecture in Italy between c. 1250 and 1600, this book approaches the works from the point of view of the artist as individual creator and as an expression of the city within which the artist was working. History of Italian Renaissance Art, Seventh Edition, brings you an updated understanding of this pivotal period as it incorporates new research and current art historical thinking, while also maintaining the integrity of the story that Frederick Hartt first told so enthusiastically many years ago. Choosing to retain Frederick Hartt's traditional framework, David Wilkins' incisive revisions keep the book fresh and up-to-date.

How can we know the great Goddess again? How worthy are we of that mythical experience? How are we related to that experience in our deepest depravity? And why has the mythical experience grown so opaque to us in our post-Romantic, modern world? These are the main issues arising out of Western literary tradition that John OMeara explores in this book. In the work of Robert Graves, Shakespeare, and Keats, OMeara sees the deepest expression at once of our most far-reaching hopes and our sadly alienated case in respect of any mythical experience we may conceive of having in the immediate future.

This study employs cognitive theory as a heuristic framework to interrogate the agency of female types in select Italian Renaissance paintings, with emphasis on Venus, Medusa, the Amazon, Boccaccio's Lady Fiammetta/Cleopatra, Susanna, the Magdalene, and the Madonna. The study disrupts assumptions about the identity of sitters and readings of paintings as it challenges paradigms of female representation. It interrogates why certain paintings were crafted, by whom and for whom. Works are placed in the context of meta-painting, with stress on the cognitive decisions negotiated between patron and artist. The ludic aspects of several paintings are examined with a fine grain semiotic approach to expand their iconographies. Psychoanalytic readings are unpacked, based on the flawed mythological metaphors and incomplete clinical studies of Sigmund Freud's theorizing. The rubric of female agency is deliberately selected to unify popular but enigmatic master paintings of disparate subjects.

"Garrard, one of a small handful of truly distinguished feminist art historians, presents a detailed and visually convincing account of the relationship between nature and art in all its fraught and gendered cultural meaning from antiquity on. Brunelleschi's Egg constitutes an exemplary feat of interdisciplinary study that requires no specialized theoretical baggage to follow and emulate."--Mieke Bal, author of Of What One Cannot Speak: Doris Salcedo's Political Art "Mary Garrard's discerning eye and deep knowledge of Renaissance art informs this fascinating book. She offers a sophisticated exploration of a rich artistic conversation on the relationship of nature and art, describing the central role of gender in structuring artists' complex and changing attitudes toward nature. Brunelleschi's Egg is so much more than a history of style; it maps the changing mindsets of Renaissance society in the several centuries during which scientific developments gradually seized masculine authority, relegating both art and nature to mastered femininity. This book provides new perspective on Italian Renaissance masterworks; it will be central to future discussion of Renaissance art." --Margaret R. Miles, author of A Complex Delight: The Secularization of the Breast, 1350-1750 "In this sweeping study, the magnum opus of one of feminist art history's founding mothers, Mary Garrard extends the gendered critique of art into the realms of philosophy and science, psychology and myth. Her eloquently prophetic and richly detailed synthesis chronicles western culture's increasing feminization of nature and art, and its parallel masculinization of the human mind (both male and female), as a Renaissance tragedy on an epic scale. The book is a must-read for historians of the early modern period, with a theme also of urgent contemporary concern."--James M. Saslow, author of Pictures and Passions: A History of Homosexuality and Art "A completely new and thoroughly convincing way of looking at the major monuments of the Italian Renaissance. The ideas in Brunelleschi's Egg are so compelling that it is hard to imagine a reader who would not be drawn into the analysis."--Jacqueline Marie Musacchio, author of Art, Marriage, and Family in the Italian Renaissance Palace "Garrard offers an unprecedented perspective on an amazing plethora of seminal works. Written beautifully, Brunelleschi's Egg is nothing but exemplary."--Yael Even, University of Missouri, St. Louis

"The book is about a new development in Italian Renaissance art; its aim is to show how artists and humanists came together to effect this revolution, it is important because this is a long-ignored but crucial aspect of the Italian Renaissance, showing us why the masterpieces we take for granted are the way they are, and thre is no competitor in the field. The book sheds light on some of the world's greatest masterpirces of art, including Botticelli's Venus, Leonardo's Leda, Raphael's Galatea, and Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne"--Provided by publisher.