This book provides a detailed account of Chinese industrial entrepreneurs, and describes and explains the phenomena of women entrepreneurship in Hong Kong. It addresses two main issues: first, the characteristics of Chinese entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurs; second, the factors that constitute the making of Chinese women entrepreneurs in Hong Kong. From in-depth personal interviews, Priscilla Chu examines the entrepreneur as a person, and as a member of family, organization and society. Having thus established the characteristic features of Chinese entrepreneurship in general, and female entrepreneurship in particular, the author builds a model to summarize the making of female entrepreneurs in Hong Kong, a model which is significantly different from that for male and Western counterparts. The study analyses the distinct Chinese entrepreneurship in relation to familism, Chinese work ethics, family and organizational conditions, and societal and cultural contexts.

A descriptively annotated, multidisciplinary, cross-referenced and extensively indexed guide to 2,395 dissertations that are concerned either in whole or in part with Hong Kong and with Hong Kong Chinese students and emigres throughout the world.

"This volume challenges those who see gender inequalities invariably defining and constraining the lives of women. But it also broadens the conversation about the degree to which business is a gender-blind institution, owned and managed by entrepreneurs whose gender identities shape and reflect economic and cultural change." – Mary A. Yeager, Professor Emerita, University of California, Los Angeles This is the first book to consider nineteenth-century businesswomen from a global perspective, moving beyond European and trans-Atlantic frameworks to include many other corners of the world. The women in these pages, who made money and business decisions for themselves rather than as employees, ran a wide variety of enterprises, from micro-businesses in the ‘grey market’ to large factories with international reach. They included publicans and farmers, midwives and property developers, milliners and plumbers, pirates and shopkeepers. Female Entrepreneurs in the Long Nineteenth Century: A Global Perspective rejects the notion that nineteenth-century women were restricted to the home. Despite a variety of legal and structural restrictions, they found ways to make important but largely unrecognised contributions to economies around the world - many in business. Their impact on the economy and the economy’s impact on them challenge gender historians to think more about business and business historians to think more about gender and create a global history that is inclusive of multiple perspectives. Chapter one of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Women's entrepreneurship is on the rise globally. In the past few years, 163 million women were starting businesses across 74 economies worldwide, while 111 million were running established businesses, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2016/2017 Women's Report (GEM, 2017). Numerous studies throughout the world have consistently demonstrated the positive effect of women entrepreneurs on economic growth, job creation as well as social benefits, particularly in developing economies (Cuberes and Teignier, 2015; Fetsch et al., 2015; Lewis et al., 2014; Hailemariam et al., 2019). A point in case is China, China has one of the largest populations in the world, with a population of 1.4 billion and of which 48.7 per cent is accounted by women (worldbank.org, 2019). Until recently, female entrepreneurs were mostly unheard of in China's business environment largely due to cultural barriers and the dominant male-focused society, as noted by Lai (2017). However, the rise of online and social media platforms (WeChat and Weibo) is offering huge potential with minimum cost and is offering huge potential to empower Chinese female entrepreneurs globally. Using a survey involving 60 female entrepreneurs and four in-depth interviews with female entrepreneurs in mainland China and Hong Kong, the study explores how Chinese women entrepreneurs are using social media platforms and the benefits and motivations behind their use in an emerging market. The research points to evidence that female entrepreneurs are embracing this new marketing channel with new impetus and the research suggest clear gains (through the greater market and customers' access) along with a greater feeling of empowerment. The study also points to certain challenges and disadvantages and highlights the need for supports/training in the social media space.

Does modernization in Asia mean westernization? Can Asia achieve modernity without westernization? How can Asia maintain its own cultural traditions in an age of globalization? How can Asian cultures, especially Chinese culture, facilitate modernization? The two articles in this publication address these questions by examining various links between culture, modernity and development.