An authoritative and accessible one-stop resource, An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence presents the first full examination of AI. Designed to provide an understanding of the foundations of artificial intelligence, it examines the central computational techniques employed by AI, including knowledge representation, search, reasoning, and learning, as well as the principal application domains of expert systems, natural language, vision, robotics, software agents and cognitive modeling. Many of the major philosophical and ethical issues of AI are also introduced. Throughout the volume, the authors provide detailed, well-illustrated treatments of each topic with abundant examples and exercises. The authors bring this exciting field to life by presenting a substantial and robust introduction to artificial intelligence in a clear and concise coursebook form. This book stands as a core text for all computer scientists approaching AI for the first time.

Provides a history of magic squares and similar structures, describing their construction and classification, along with informaiton on newly discovered objects.

Traditional magic squares employ a chessboard-like arrangement of numbers in which the total of all rows, columns, and diagonals add up to the same number. This innovative approach by a Dutch engineer challenges puzzlists to think two dimensionally by replacing numbers with colorful geometric shapes. Dozens of creative puzzles, suitable for ages 12 and up.

This book by renowned scholar Dr Abdul Karim Bangura combines linguistics and mathematics to show how and why African-centred mathematical ideas can be a driving force in Africa’s development efforts. Bangura explores the concept that Africa has been the centre of the History of Mathematics for thousands of years, as the civilizations that emerged across the continent developed contributions which would enrich both ancient and modern understanding of nature through mathematics. However, scholars and other professionals working in the field of mathematics education in Africa have identified a plethora of issues in carrying out their tasks. This is highlighted by one of the most compelling arguments in the book, which is that a major reason for these problems is the fact that the African mother tongues has been greatly neglected in the teaching of mathematics in the continent. Bangura asserts that a change has to be made in order for Africa to benefit from the exceptional opportunities mathematics offer, showing that, even if there is a great body of work connecting linguistics and mathematics, few analyses have been performed on the link between African languages and mathematics—and the ones that have been made are not theoretically-grounded on linguistics. Thus, the book begins by identifying the objects of study of linguistics and mathematics, and delineates which ones they have in common. Next, since the object of study of linguistics is language, the nine design features of language are employed to examine each of the objects as it pertains to African languages. After that, mathematical ideas of sustainability and those of tipping points are suggested as means to help Africa’s development efforts.

In Focus Crystals describes over 100 crystals, from amethyst to zircon, complete with detailed summaries of their uses, qualities, and strengths, all expertly presented by crystal therapist Bernice Cockram. Included inside the back cover is a set of 7 double-sided grid cards that provide quick and easy reference to laying out crystals for healing, energizing, and more. Feeling creatively or spiritually blocked? Having trouble sleeping? Perhaps you are suffering from a physical ailment? Regardless of what may be plaguing you, the innate power within crystals can have tremendous healing effects. This artfully designed guide covers everything you need to know to benefit from their healing power, including how to: Work with crystal energy Select crystals from the various shapes available Cleanse crystals to clear away unwanted energy Use crystals for dowsing Work with chakras, auras, and the zodiac Set up crystal grids The In Focus series applies a modern approach to teaching the classic body, mind, and spirit subjects. Authored by experts in their respective fields, these beginner's guides feature smartly designed visual material that clearly illustrates key topics within each subject. As a bonus, each book includes reference cards or a poster, held in an envelope inside the back cover, that give you a quick, go-to guide containing the most important information on the subject.