The arduous path from the colourful diversity of the Holy Roman Empire to the Prussian-dominated German nation-state, Bismarck's German Empire of 1871, led through revolutions, wars and economic upheavals, but also through the cultural splendour of German Classicism and Romanticism. Hagen Schulze takes a fresh look at late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century German history, explaining it as the interaction of revolutionary forces from below and from above, of economics, politics, and culture. None of the results were predetermined, and yet their outcome was of momentous significance for all of Europe, if not the world.

During recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in the nineteenth century, resulting in many fine monographs. However, these studies often gravitate toward Prussia or treat Germany's southern and northern regions as separate entities or else are thematically compartmentalized. This book overcomes these divisions, offering a wide-ranging account of this revolutionary century and skillfully combining narrative with analysis. Its lively style makes it very accessible and ideal for all students of nineteenth-century Germany.

What is Realpolitik? How did the concept come about, and what does it stand for? This book explores the origins and meaning of a core precept of international history and politics. Statesmen, diplomats, and analysts alike deploy the term as if it were a timeless label. Endlessly, they suppose, states compete with each other for power in a zero-sum game. Yet Realpolitik was born in Germany in the mid-nineteenth century. The circumstances of its birth are key to its meaning. Realpolitik emerged among Europe's constitutional struggles on the one hand, and the wars of Italian and German unification on the other. Revolutionary disappointment, the end of the Romantic era, and the rise of a new scientific materialism all informed a Realist period of political strongmen. Rather than describing a permanent state of things, this book suggests, Realpolitik is rooted in nineteenth-century European and German politics, and consequently the rise of an aggressive nationalism. P.E. Caquet is an international historian of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is a senior member of Hughes Hall, the University of Cambridge, UK, and he teaches or has taught at Cambridge and SciencesPo Paris. He has written three books, including The Orient, the Liberal Movement, and the Eastern Crisis of 1839-41 (Palgrave, 2016), and has published academic articles in such journals as the Historical Journal, the International History Review, Middle Eastern Studies, and Cultural and Social History.

This major new reference work with contributions from an international team of scholars provides a comprehensive account of ideas and practices of nationhood and nationalism from antiquity to the present. It considers both continuities and discontinuities, engaging critically and analytically with the scholarly literature in the field. In volume II, leading scholars in their fields explore the dynamics of nationhood and nationalism's interactions with a wide variety of cultural practices and social institutions – in addition to the phenomenon's crucial political dimensions. The relationships between imperialism and nationhood/nationalism and between major world religions and ethno-national identities are among the key themes explained and explored. The wide range of case studies from around the world brings a truly global, comparative perspective to a field whose study was long constrained by Eurocentric assumptions.

Political realism is a highly diverse body of international relations theory. This substantial reference work examines political realism in terms of its history, its scientific methodology and its normative role in international affairs. Split into three sections, it covers the 2000-year canon of realism: the different schools of thought, the key thinkers and how it responds to foreign policy challenges faced by individual states and globally. It brings political realism up-to-date by showing where theory has failed to keep up with contemporary problems and suggests how it can be applied and adapted to fit our new, globalised world order.

These volumes present a compact analytical narrative of 20th century international politics penned by some of Russia’s most distinguished historians. Written in accessible prose and designed as an introductory text for students of international relations, the collection will interest all readers curious about perspectives on the twentieth century’s most consequential events. This first volume, covering 1914-1945, shows how the short-sightedness of world leaders, the unbound nationalism of the masses and the unpredictable will of destiny led to World War I. It then addresses the core topic of how the common desire for peace, which reigned after the end of that war, could rocket Hitler to power in Germany and then lead to World War II.

For the New 2020 Exam! AP® European History Crash Course® A Higher Score in Less Time! At REA, we invented the quick-review study guide for AP® exams. A decade later, REA’s Crash Course® remains the top choice for AP® students who want to make the most of their study time and earn a high score. Here’s why more AP® teachers and students turn to REA’s AP® European History Crash Course®: Targeted Review - Study Only What You Need to Know. REA’s all-new 3rd edition addresses all the latest test revisions taking effect through 2020. Our Crash Course® is based on an in-depth analysis of the revised AP® European History course description outline and sample AP® test questions. We cover only the information tested on the exam, so you can make the most of your valuable study time. Expert Test-taking Strategies and Advice. Written by a veteran AP®European History teacher, the book gives you the topics and critical context that will matter most on exam day. Crash Course® relies on the author’s extensive analysis of the test’s structure and content. By following his advice, you can boost your score. Practice questions – a mini-test in the book, a full-length exam online. Are you ready for your exam? Try our focused practice set inside the book. Then go online to take our full-length practice exam. You’ll get the benefits of timed testing, detailed answers, and automatic scoring that pinpoints your performance based on the official AP® exam topics – so you'll be confident on test day. When it's crucial crunch time and your Advanced Placement® exam is just around the corner, you need REA's Crash Course® for AP® European History! About the Author Larry Krieger earned his B.A. and M.A.T. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his M.A. from Wake Forest University. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Mr. Krieger has taught a variety of AP® subjects including U.S. History, World History, European History, U.S. Government, and Art History. His popular courses were renowned for their energetic presentations, commitment to scholarship, and success in helping students achieve high AP® exam scores. All of Mr. Krieger’s students scored above a 3, with most students scoring a 4 or a 5. In 2004 and 2005, the College Board recognized Mr. Krieger as one of the nation’s foremost AP® teachers. Mr. Krieger’s success has extended far beyond the classroom. He conducts SAT® and AP® workshops around the country, and has spoken at numerous Social Studies conferences. In addition, he is the author of several widely used American History and World History textbooks, as well as REA’s Crash Course® test preps for European History, U.S. History, U.S. Government & Politics, and Psychology.

"The author explores four themes relating to international relations in the modern era: Reasons of State, the Balance of Power, the Balance of Trade, and Geopolitics. He contrasts realist ideas with universalist alternatives, both religious and secular, which were based on a more optimistic view of the nature of man or the nature of society. Realist thought never attained consistent predominance, Haslam demonstrates, and the struggle with universalist thought has remained an unresolved tension that can be traced throughout the evolution of international relations theory in the twentieth century."--BOOK JACKET.

"First published in Great Britain in 2011 by Quercus as Castlereagh: Enlightenment, war and tyranny"--T.p. verso.