Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Communications - Public Relations, Advertising, Marketing, Social Media, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, course: Master of Business Administration, language: English, abstract: In the recent years the influence level of children have shown dramatic changes and major variations depending upon factors and different norms and values. Family purchase decision are being influenced by children by a greater extent. Hence, all these developments and changes have resulted in creating the need to gauge and identify certain variables which impact children to influence their family in purchase decision making. Moreover, this would also highlight the overall importance and role of children within the family. Therefore the aim of this study was to test certain factors which creates impact on children to influence their parents. This was supported by conducting of quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative survey (unstructured interviews). In order to achieve the research objectives around 230 respondents through quantitative and 5 through qualitative approach were analyzed. This research will be beneficial for the store owners & marketers/researchers to identify and create effectives strategies which would impact the children to influence their parents in the purchase decisions. However this research is limited to Karachi only as a result of budget and time constraints, therefore for further study this research can also be based on a wider scope i.e., outside Karachi including maximum variables that can affect the children to influence in the family purchase decision. This would allow to further analyze and get more insights over the topic.

Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

The authors present a new model of the process of family decision-making that takes into account the importance of sex roles. They use a series of couples as examples that illustrate the model at various stages of the life cycle. They also consider how decision-making is changing. A major contribution to the study of sexual politics and bargaining within relationships. 'The authors are to be commended for their attempt to bring order to the complexities of family decisioning, and their work should stimulate further research in the area. Their focussing upon couples and families rather than individuals and their extension of the concept of "family" to nontraditional arrangements also are commendable.' -- Journal of Marriage

There is currently not enough research that focuses on parental influences on children's development of decision making in early childhood. During early childhood children are primarily situated in the family context and are likely learning about decision making through their interactions with parents. Previous research has suggested children begin to develop complex decisions-making skills in early childhood. Complex decision-making includes the ability to consider the future and social benefits for the self and others. Future-oriented decisions requires the difficult task of deliberating between sacrificing an instant reward for a larger reward in the future, while social-oriented decisions require the consideration of benefiting others versus yourself. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible influences parents have on their children's future and socially oriented decision-making abilities. This study uses the sociocultural approach to cognitive development to examine this process in 90 parent-child dyads (3 to 5 years old; 47 girls). Parents and children visited the lab on one occasion. Children participated in a solitary pretest, a parent-child interaction and a solitary posttest that involved making a series of socially- and future-oriented decisions about stickers. Children received a score of 1 or 2 for each decision to share or delay (i.e., future orientation). Video data will be coded for parent behaviors (i.e. provided verbal guidance, directed child's actives, physical intervention, kept child involved in activity, displayed positive affect, displayed negative affect and engagement) and child behaviors (i.e. listened to directions, frustration with task, off-task, cooperation, display of negative affect, responsible for making decision, and engagement) on a 5-point scale (1 = to a minimal extent; 5 = to a great extent). We expected that parental responsiveness to help make decisions that consider the future (e.g., you can have one sticker now or two at the end of the game) and that consider others (e.g., you can have one sticker for yourself or one for you and one for a friend), and child task engagement and decision responsibility to be associated with children's posttest decisions to share or delay. We found that by 4-years-old children have the ability to engage in executive functions (EF) and to consider social and future-oriented decisions. We also found that parents scaffolding techniques plays a role in their children's EF development skills. Our finds also suggest that parents may have an influence on their children's decision making to either share or delay, but only when they are actively providing responsiveness.

Children, family and the state examines different theories of childhood, children's rights and the relationship between children, parents and the state.

This volume serves as an update on current developments in Resource Theory and presents a representative sample of contemporary research conducted within this theoretical perspective. Resource Thoery presents empirical evidence supporting the cross-cultural validity of this framework. Attention is focused on a broad range of social-psychological phenomena that have been fruitfully explored using this theoretical approach. Key Features * Social Exchange Theory * Cross-cultural Theory * Social Relationships