Derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from some other asset called the underlying. In commodity derivative markets raw products are traded. These commodities are traded on regulated commodity exchanges, in which they are bought and sold in standardized contracts. This study is interesting in as much as it provides a detailed analysis of commodity derivatives which were traditionally developed for risk management purposes are now growing in popularity as an investment tool. Also by critically examining the demarcation between the commodity and the security market, this book puts in perspective the need for the integration of the two markets, which would enable both the markets to benefit from economies of scale and also from the synergy generated.

This book seeks to create a common minimum knowledge benchmark for trading members registered in the commodity derivatives segment of a recognized stock exchange. It also aims for the following: • Better understanding of various derivatives products available in the commodity derivatives market • Regulations and risks associated with the products • Exchange mechanisms of trading, clearing and settlement It will benefit all those who want to understand better various derivatives products available in Indian commodity derivatives markets. The Present Publication is the May 2022 workbook version, published exclusively by Taxmann for NISM Certification Examination XVI [Commodity Derivatives], with the following noteworthy features: • [Know the Basics] of Indian commodity derivatives markets • [Understand] the following in detail: o Various trading strategies that can be built using commodity derivatives o Clearing, settlement and risk management related to commodity derivatives markets o Operational mechanism related to commodity derivatives markets • [Know the Regulatory Environment] in which commodity derivatives markets operate in India The detailed contents of the book are as follows: • Introduction to Commodity Markets • Commodity Indices • Commodity Futures • Commodity Options • Uses of Commodity Derivatives • Trading Mechanism • Clearing, Settlement and Risk Management of Commodity Derivatives • Legal and Regulatory Environment • Accounting and Taxation • Code of Conduct and Investor Protection Measures

Despite the long and chequered history of commodity derivatives trading in this country, extending for more than century and a half, neither the lay nor the learned, including, surprisingly, most economists and even those involved in regulation of commodity derivatives exchanges, betray lack of knowledge on the theory, working, utility, and regulation of trading in commodity derivatives of diverse hues. It is against this background, the present book is aimed at teaching the commodity derivatives exchanges, their participants, the regulator s, and the students of commodity derivatives economics and managements, both the theory and regulation of commodity derivatives trading in all its aspects. For, a commodity economy like India must aim to develop strong global commodity derivatives markets in the country to promote swift growth in agriculture, industry, and international trade by strengthening competition and competitive efficiency to improve productivity, as also proficiency in marketing in all sectors of the economy. This book is a modest step towards achieving that aim and objective.

Over the last decade, commodity derivatives trading in India has undergone a significant growth, and has surpassed equity derivatives trading. The book covers almost the entire spectrum of commodities traded in the Indian commodity market, including agricultural commodities, crude oil, base metal, precious metal, electricity, carbon, weather, freight, real estate, and water. A distinguishing feature of the book is that it lucidly explains the peculiarities of various commodities, delving into their technical and historical details. As commodity market in a country cannot function in isolation, commodity contracts traded in other international exchanges, like LME, CME, The Baltic Exchange, Nordpool, etc. have also been discussed in detail. Commodity derivatives contracts, such as futures, FRAs, options, Tapos, swaps, spreads (crush, crack, dark and spark), collars, ETFs, Contract for Differences (CfDs) and cool bonds, etc. have been discussed extensively in the book. Fundamental factors associated with different types of commodities have been dealt with to develop a deeper understanding of the peculiarities associated with various commodities. This book documents the case studies involving important commodity price manipulations and frauds in commodity derivatives trading. These have been analyzed to bring out the necessity and the role of the commodity market regulators in maintaining market integrity. Major commodity derivatives trading losses that have shaken up even some prominent companies all over the world have been discussed to highlight the risks associated with commodity derivatives trading. The book is intended for the postgraduate students of Management. It is equally beneficial for the students and professionals opting for Diploma courses in Banking and Finance.• Around 40 Business Snapshots have been presented at appropriate sections in the book, so that a reader can apply the concepts to real-life situations/happenings. • Around 100 Numerical Examples have also been worked in various chapters to help the reader develop a deeper understanding of the underlying theories. • Worked out examples and business snapshots have been provided in large numbers. • End of the chapter questions have been provided for the students to test their understanding. • Power Point slides available online at www.phindia.com/prabinarajib to provide integrated learning to the students.

Papers presented at the Workshop cum Seminar on "Indian Commodity Market Derivatives & Risk Management : the Road Ahead", held at Puducherry during 11-12 September 2009.

The last few years have been a watershed for the commodities, cash and derivatives industry. New regulations and products have led to an explosion in the commodities markets, creating a new asset for investors that includes hedge funds as well as University endowments, and has resulted in a spectacular growth in spot and derivative trading. This book covers hard and soft commodities (energy, agriculture and metals) and analyses: Economic and geopolitical issues in commodities markets Commodity price and volume risk Stochastic modelling of commodity spot prices and forward curves Real options valuation and hedging of physical assets in the energy industry It is required reading for energy companies and utilities practitioners, commodity cash and derivatives traders in investment banks, the Agrifood business, Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs) and Hedge Funds. In Commodities and Commodity Derivatives, Hélyette Geman shows her powerful command of the subject by combining a rigorous development of its mathematical modelling with a compact institutional presentation of the arcane characteristics of commodities that makes the complex analysis of commodities derivative securities accessible to both the academic and practitioner who wants a deep foundation and a breadth of different market applications. It is destined to be a "must have" on the subject.” —Robert Merton, Professor, Harvard Business School "A marvelously comprehensive book of interest to academics and practitioners alike, by one of the world's foremost experts in the field." —Oldrich Vasicek, founder, KMV