Attempt has been made through this piece of work to comprehend the impact of internal rural urban out migration on left behind family members particularly among children through benefit accrues from migration process. Internal migration particularly rural to urban areas has magnificent potential to reduce economic burden and enhancement of quality of life and same time reducing distress and disrespectful life as evident from several literature. The health knowledge, information and practice gained by migrants at destination is also make a paramount benefit to sending region to improve the health status particularly among backward and low health indicator region. The study conclude that internal rural urban migration has potential to improve not only the financial status of sending households but also the health status of left behind family members, however appropriate and favorable internal migration policy is advisable to realise the full potential of internal migration.

The relationship between migration and child health in individual countries is well known, but the cross-national variation in this relationship is largely untested. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 52 medium and low income countries, this study examines the effect of rural-urban migration on infant mortality and whether its effect varies cross-nationally. A secondary objective is to determine whether there is a relationship between the time a child is born in the migration process and infant mortality. Hypotheses are developed on the basis of competing theories on the relationship between migration and health. There are modest, but significant cross-national effects of rural-urban migration on infant mortality, which were better revealed in the presence of family- and child-level variables. The results also show that the unadjusted effects of rural-urban migration are quite substantial, but were largely accounted for by family-- and child-level factors including education, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, birth order, maternal age at child's birth, and inter-births intervals. The results largely point to a selection process, which is further confirmed by results showing that the hazards of infant death increase with length of urban residence. Programs that target increasing maternal education, improving household SES, and lengthening interbirth intervals would therefore greatly benefit child survival in less developed countries.

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China has begun a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Along with an increasing number of rural people migrating to urban area for jobs, there are a considerable number of elderly parents left behind in the rural area. The impact of migration of the adult children on the health of their left-behind parents is ambiguous. On the one hand, the additional income from the children's jobs can allow their parents to afford better health care and nutrition; on the other hand, the migration necessarily reduces the amount of time the children have to take care of their parents. This paper uses the Rural Urban Migration in China data to empirically investigate the effect of adult children's migration on the health of the left-behind parents. Based on a linear probability model with instrumental variable correction, we find that having one additional adult child migrated to an urban area increases the probability of the left-behind elderly parents being in poor health condition by about 8%. Furthermore, parents having only one child, from low-income households, or aged above 60 years are affected more. Our results point out that the parents with only one child is the most vulnerable group and highlight the importance of establishing a formal care system for the rural elderly to complement the traditional family care in rural China.

"The migration of labor from rural to urban areas is an important part of the urbanization process in developing countries. Even though it has been the focus of abundant research over the past five decades, some key policy questions have not found clear answers yet. To what extent is internal migration a desirable phenomenon and under what circumstances? Should governments intervene and, if so, with what types of interventions? What should be their policy objectives? To shed light on these important issues, the authors survey the existing theoretical models and their conflicting policy implications and discuss the policies that may be justified based on recent relevant empirical studies. A key limitation is that much of the empirical literature does not provide structural tests of the theoretical models, but only provides partial findings that can support or invalidate intuitions and in that sense, support or invalidate the policy implications of the models. The authors' broad assessment of the literature is that migration can be beneficial or at least be turned into a beneficial phenomenon so that in general migration restrictions are not desirable. They also identify some data issues and research topics which merit further investigation. "--World Bank web site.

Using INDEPTH's multi-site network to provide new demographic insights into population variables, this book provides a new perspective on migration, health and livelihood's interaction over time. The book starts with providing a conceptual and methodological framework to inform the epidemiological studies that are clustered into two themes, showing the dynamics of migration with either household livelihoods or individual health outcomes. The findings demonstrate the important cross-national regularities in human migration. The contributed chapters also exemplify the fact that the impacts of migration can be either positive or negative for sending and/or receiving communities, depending on the issues at hand and the type of migration under consideration.