This collection of fifteen essays and extracts, covering a chronological span from the third millennium BC to c AD 1300 and written by leading historians of early India, highlight the changing perspectives, methods, and approaches to the study of early Indian trade.

History & Civics for ICSE schools is a series based on the latest syllabus of the Inter-State Board for Anglo-Indian Education. More to Know gives unusual facts, New Words explains the important terms, At a Glance helps students to recapitulate what they have learnt, A Story from History is a piece of historical fiction and Things to Do and Map Work have activities which encourage the students to do and learn.

Chiefly on Jaina architecture and sculpture; Gopāchala presently known as Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

India's military history goes back to the Indus or Harappan people who flourished 5,000 years ago; the history of military fortifications in the country goes back even further. It remains, however, a subject largely neglected by the country's historians. This book traces the evolution of India's military tactics and strategy during the ancient period and till the eleventh century ad by examining available sources from a dispassionate, professional military perspective. The author analyses the military factors which led to the end of the Harappan civilization. The Rig Veda contains a great deal of information about battles fought by the Aryans. The author makes use of the description of the first recorded battle, the Dasrajan War fought around 1900 bc, as a basis for reconstructing the strategy and tactics employed by the combatants. The portion of Kautilya's Arthashastra dealing with matters military has been examined at some length because it exercised a profound influence on the tactics of Indian warfare for over a millennium. Such loyalty to the injunctions of the shastras bred extreme conservatism in military doctrine and often effectively prevented progress and innovation in the art of war. Learning from experience, the Guptas repudiated Kautilya's static concept and successfully defended the country against the Hunas. This work traces how a subsequent reversion to tradition and the antiquated Kautilyan system led to tragic consequences.

Presenting the grand sweep of Indian history from antiquity to the present, A History of India is a detailed and authority account of the major political economics social and cultural forces that have shaped the history of the Indian continent.