The discipline of financial management and accounting practices as part of the society’s social structure has evolved rapidly, in line with changing times, environmental pressures, technological developments and the needs of society. From a critical and behavioural perspective, both are neither isolated phenomena nor separated from the overall socioeconomic and political structure of society. In fact, these two disciplines interact with the surrounding conditions, either socioeconomic and political changes of the society or technological changes, in symbiotic and mutually influential forms. An understanding of how financial management disciplines and accounting practices change and evolve is necessary to enable both of their current practices to be understood for their origins and their relevance to the past. This need can only be met through a historical approach by examining past events and evidence, based on clues in the form of archive documents, cross-sectional studies on comparative research, reasoning processes based on theoretical formulas and the like. An explanation of related past phenomena will enable current practices of financial management and accounting practices to be understood and appreciated more. History can explain the origins of current phenomena, especially to the new generation who need to understand their identity and appreciate the contributions of past society. This book offers an explanation of the past regarding financial management practices and accounting practices in North Borneo (now known as the state of Sabah). As a branch of knowledge and practice of society which is more inclined to analyze the current situation and explore the future, through economic models, mathematical formulas and statistical forecasts, historical perspectives on financial management practices and accounting practices represent an outlook that is very rarely explored by researchers of accounting practices, nor is it a popular choice among historical writers. This book, which chose North Borneo during the colonial era (1881 – 1963) as the study background, is very useful as reference material by researchers and students as well as reading material to the public, especially those interested in understanding the development of past financial management practices and accounting practices, and their association to current practices. The coverage of this book is very comprehensive, covering 83 years period and presents reviews of the socioeconomic and political development of North Borneo related to the development of financial management practices and accounting practices.

There the rainforest is being cut rapidly, local corruption and greed siphon off most of the profit, native rights and land uses are being obliterated, and much of the fine timber is shipped to Japan to become plywood forms for concrete that are thrown away after two uses.

First published in 1982, this text is widely regarded as a leading general history of the country. This new and revised edition brings the story of this fascinating country up to date, incorporating the latest scholarship on every period of Malaysian history, including recent research into pre-modern times. This text thus provides a historical framework that helps explain the roots of the issues dominating Malaysian life today, and the difficulties of creating a multicultural state where resources are equitably shared and the rights of all citizens are acknowledged. This book is a key text for courses on Southeast Asian history and politics. Covering a range of disciplinary subjects in the humanities and social sciences, it is also useful for anyone interested in the assessment of young, modernizing nations. New to this Edition: - A new chapter provides insights into Malaysian history of the last 15 years, including the growing influence of the internet and social media in the political sphere - Greater attention is paid to the strengthening of civil society movements that have arisen in light of perceived government failures - Fresh analysis of Islam's historical role in the Malay world and how it links with the growing Islamization of Malaysia today

This book presents a technical review of ecological and life history information on a range of Bornean wildlife species, aimed at identifying what makes these species sensitive to timber harvesting practices and associated impacts. It addresses three audiences: 1) those involved in assessing and regulating timber harvesting activities in Southeast Asia, 2) those involved in trying to achieve conservation goals in the region, and 3) those undertaking research to improve multipurpose forest management. This book shows that forest management can be improved in many simple ways to allow timber extraction and wildlife conservation to be more compatible than under current practices. The recommendations can also be valuable to the many governmental and non-governmental organisations promoting sustainable forest management and eco-labelling. Finally, it identifies a number of shortcomings and gaps in knowledge, which the hope can interest the scientific community and promote further research. This review is, an important scientific step toward understanding and improving sustainable forestry practices for long-term biodiversity conservation. Even in the short term, however, significant improvements can be made to improve both conservation and the efficiency of forest management, and there is no need to delay action due to a perceived lack of information. In the longer term it is expected that the recommendations from this review will be implemented, and that further research will continue to help foster an acceptable balance among the choices needed to maintain healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity in a productive forest estate.

Malaysia is one of the most intriguing countries in Asia in many respects. It consists of several distinct areas, not only geographically but ethnically as well; along with Malays and related groups, the country has a very large Indian and Chinese population. The spoken languages obviously vary at home, although Bahasa Malaysia is the official language and nearly everyone speaks English. There is also a mixture of religions, with Islam predominating among the Malays and others, Hinduism and Sikhism among the Indians, mainly Daoism and Confucianism among the Chinese, but also some Christians as well as older indigenous beliefs in certain places. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Malaysia contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Malaysia.