Long ago, when Alexander the Great asked the mathematician Menaechmus for a crash course in geometry, he got the famous reply ``There is no royal road to mathematics.'' Where there was no shortcut for Alexander, there is no shortcut for us. Still, the fact that we have access to computers and mature programming languages means that there are avenues for us that were denied to the kings and emperors of yore. The purpose of this book is to teach logic and mathematical reasoning in practice, and to connect logical reasoning with computer programming in Haskell. Haskell emerged in the 1990s as a standard for lazy functional programming, a programming style where arguments are evaluated only when the value is actually needed. Haskell is a marvelous demonstration tool for logic and maths because its functional character allows implementations to remain very close to the concepts that get implemented, while the laziness permits smooth handling of infinite data structures. This book does not assume the reader to have previous experience with either programming or construction of formal proofs, but acquaintance with mathematical notation, at the level of secondary school mathematics is presumed. Everything one needs to know about mathematical reasoning or programming is explained as we go along. After proper digestion of the material in this book, the reader will be able to write interesting programs, reason about their correctness, and document them in a clear fashion. The reader will also have learned how to set up mathematical proofs in a structured way, and how to read and digest mathematical proofs written by others. This is the updated, expanded, and corrected second edition of a much-acclaimed textbook. Praise for the first edition: 'Doets and van Eijck's ``The Haskell Road to Logic, Maths and Programming'' is an astonishingly extensive and accessible textbook on logic, maths, and Haskell.' Ralf Laemmel, Professor of Computer Science, University of Koblenz-Landau

Computer science abounds with applications of discrete mathematics, yet s- dents of computer science often study discrete mathematics in the context of purely mathematical applications. They have to ?gure out for themselves how to apply the ideas of discrete mathematics to computing problems. It is not easy. Most students fail to experience broad success in this enterprise, which is not surprising, since many of the most important advances in science and engineeringhavebeen, precisely, applicationsofmathematicstospeci?cscience and engineering problems. Tobesure,mostdiscretemathtextbooksincorporatesomeaspectsapplying discrete math to computing, but it usually takes the form of asking students to write programs to compute the number of three-ball combinations there are in a set of ten balls or, at best, to implement a graph algorithm. Few texts ask students to use mathematical logic to analyze properties of digital circuits or computer programs or to apply the set theoretic model of functions to understand higher-order operations. A major aim of this text is to integrate, tightly, the study of discrete mathematics with the study of central problems of computer science.

An introduction to Prolog programming for artificial intelligence covering both basic and advanced AI material. A unique advantage to this work is the combination of AI, Prolog and Logic. Each technique is accompanied by a program implementing it. Seeks to simplify the basic concepts of logic programming. Contains exercises and authentic examples to help facilitate the understanding of difficult concepts.

Haskell is one of the leading languages for teaching functional programming, enabling students to write simpler and cleaner code, and to learn how to structure and reason about programs. This introduction is ideal for beginners: it requires no previous programming experience and all concepts are explained from first principles via carefully chosen examples. Each chapter includes exercises that range from the straightforward to extended projects, plus suggestions for further reading on more advanced topics. The author is a leading Haskell researcher and instructor, well-known for his teaching skills. The presentation is clear and simple, and benefits from having been refined and class-tested over several years. The result is a text that can be used with courses, or for self-learning. Features include freely accessible Powerpoint slides for each chapter, solutions to exercises and examination questions (with solutions) available to instructors, and a downloadable code that's fully compliant with the latest Haskell release.

Haskell Programming makes Haskell as clear, painless, and practical as it can be, whether you're a beginner or an experienced hacker. Learning Haskell from the ground up is easier and works better. With our exercise-driven approach, you'll build on previous chapters such that by the time you reach the notorious Monad, it'll seem trivial.

Bring the power of functional programming to your PHP applications. From performance optimizations to concurrency, improved testability to code brevity, functional programming has a host of benefits when compared to traditional imperative programming. Part one of Pro Functional PHP Programming takes you through the basics of functional programming, outlining the key concepts and how they translate into standard PHP functions and code. Part two takes this theory and shows you the strategies for implementing it to solve real problems in your new or existing PHP applications. Functional programming is popular in languages such as Lisp, Scheme and Clojure, but PHP also contains all you need to write functional code. This book will show you how to take advantage of functional programming in your own projects, utilizing the PHP programming language that you already know. What You'll Learn Discover functional programming in PHP Work with functional programming functions Design strategies for high-performance applications Manage business logic with functions Use functional programming in object-oriented and procedural applications Employ helper libraries in your application Process big data with functional PHP Who This Book Is For Programmers and web developers with experience of PHP who are looking to get more out of their PHP coding and be able to do more with PHP.

This book introduces fundamental techniques for reasoning mathematically about functional programs. Ideal for a first- or second-year undergraduate course.

Introduction to Logic combines likely the broadest scope of any logic textbook available with clear, concise writing and interesting examples and arguments. Its key features, all retained in the Second Edition, include: • simpler ways to test arguments than those available in competing textbooks, including the star test for syllogisms • a wide scope of materials, making it suitable for introductory logic courses (as the primary text) or intermediate classes (as the primary or supplementary book) • engaging and easy-to-understand examples and arguments, drawn from everyday life as well as from the great philosophers • a suitability for self-study and for preparation for standardized tests, like the LSAT • a reasonable price (a third of the cost of many competitors) • exercises that correspond to the LogiCola program, which may be downloaded for free from the web. This Second Edition also: • arranges chapters in a more useful way for students, starting with the easiest material and then gradually increasing in difficulty • provides an even broader scope with new chapters on the history of logic, deviant logic, and the philosophy of logic • expands the section on informal fallacies • includes a more exhaustive index and a new appendix on suggested further readings • updates the LogiCola instructional program, which is now more visually attractive as well as easier to download, install, update, and use.

Summary Get Programming with Haskell leads you through short lessons, examples, and exercises designed to make Haskell your own. It has crystal-clear illustrations and guided practice. You will write and test dozens of interesting programs and dive into custom Haskell modules. You will gain a new perspective on programming plus the practical ability to use Haskell in the everyday world. (The 80 IQ points: not guaranteed.) Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Programming languages often differ only around the edges—a few keywords, libraries, or platform choices. Haskell gives you an entirely new point of view. To the software pioneer Alan Kay, a change in perspective can be worth 80 IQ points and Haskellers agree on the dramatic benefits of thinking the Haskell way—thinking functionally, with type safety, mathematical certainty, and more. In this hands-on book, that's exactly what you'll learn to do. What's Inside Thinking in Haskell Functional programming basics Programming in types Real-world applications for Haskell About the Reader Written for readers who know one or more programming languages. Table of Contents Lesson 1 Getting started with Haskell Unit 1 - FOUNDATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING Lesson 2 Functions and functional programming Lesson 3 Lambda functions and lexical scope Lesson 4 First-class functions Lesson 5 Closures and partial application Lesson 6 Lists Lesson 7 Rules for recursion and pattern matching Lesson 8 Writing recursive functions Lesson 9 Higher-order functions Lesson 10 Capstone: Functional object-oriented programming with robots! Unit 2 - INTRODUCING TYPES Lesson 11 Type basics Lesson 12 Creating your own types Lesson 13 Type classes Lesson 14 Using type classes Lesson 15 Capstone: Secret messages! Unit 3 - PROGRAMMING IN TYPES Lesson 16 Creating types with "and" and "or" Lesson 17 Design by composition—Semigroups and Monoids Lesson 18 Parameterized types Lesson 19 The Maybe type: dealing with missing values Lesson 20 Capstone: Time series Unit 4 - IO IN HASKELL Lesson 21 Hello World!—introducing IO types Lesson 22 Interacting with the command line and lazy I/O Lesson 23 Working with text and Unicode Lesson 24 Working with files Lesson 25 Working with binary data Lesson 26 Capstone: Processing binary files and book data Unit 5 - WORKING WITH TYPE IN A CONTEXT Lesson 27 The Functor type class Lesson 28 A peek at the Applicative type class: using functions in a context Lesson 29 Lists as context: a deeper look at the Applicative type class Lesson 30 Introducing the Monad type class Lesson 31 Making Monads easier with donotation Lesson 32 The list monad and list comprehensions Lesson 33 Capstone: SQL-like queries in Haskell Unit 6 - ORGANIZING CODE AND BUILDING PROJECTS Lesson 34 Organizing Haskell code with modules Lesson 35 Building projects with stack Lesson 36 Property testing with QuickCheck Lesson 37 Capstone: Building a prime-number library Unit 7 - PRACTICAL HASKELL Lesson 38 Errors in Haskell and the Either type Lesson 39 Making HTTP requests in Haskell Lesson 40 Working with JSON data by using Aeson Lesson 41 Using databases in Haskell Lesson 42 Efficient, stateful arrays in Haskell Afterword - What's next? Appendix - Sample answers to exercise

Go is rapidly becoming the preferred language for building web services. While there are plenty of tutorials available that teach Go's syntax to developers with experience in other programming languages, tutorials aren't enough. They don't teach Go's idioms, so developers end up recreating patterns that don't make sense in a Go context. This practical guide provides the essential background you need to write clear and idiomatic Go. No matter your level of experience, you'll learn how to think like a Go developer. Author Jon Bodner introduces the design patterns experienced Go developers have adopted and explores the rationale for using them. You'll also get a preview of Go's upcoming generics support and how it fits into the language. Learn how to write idiomatic code in Go and design a Go project Understand the reasons for the design decisions in Go Set up a Go development environment for a solo developer or team Learn how and when to use reflection, unsafe, and cgo Discover how Go's features allow the language to run efficiently Know which Go features you should use sparingly or not at all