The idea that healthcare and education should be provided as universal public services to all who need them is widely accepted. But why leave it there? Why not expand it to more of life’s essentials? In their bold new book, Anna Coote and Andrew Percy argue that this transformational new policy – Universal Basic Services – is exactly what we need to save our societies and our planet. The old argument that free markets and individual choice are the best way to solve pressing problems of poverty, inequality and environmental degradation has led us to catastrophe, and must be abandoned. The authors show that expanding the principle of collective universal service provision to everyday essentials like transport, childcare and housing is not only the best way of tackling many of the biggest problems facing the contemporary world: it’s also efficient, practical and affordable. Anyone who cares about fighting for a fairer, greener and more democratic world should read this book.

This document builds on the review led by Richard Hooper, "Modernise or decline: policies to maintain the universal postal service in the United Kingdom" (Dec. 2008, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file49389.pdf). The Hooper review found deficiencies and problems with: performance (40 per cent less efficient than European counterparts); the pension deficit (one of the largest in Britain); pricing (increases would not generate enough revenue to offset falling volumes); industrial relations (60 per cent of days lost through industrial action in 2007 in the whole economy were accounted for by Royal Mail); and the relationship with the regulator, Postcomm (difficult). The Government proposes: a new regulatory framework, including transferring responsibility for regulation from Postcomm to Ofcom; tackling the pension deficit; inviting other postal or network operators to come forward with proposals to develop strategic partnerships with Royal Mail (but such arrangements would exclude Post Office Ltd, responsible for the network of post offices). The Postal Services Bill (HL), HL Bill 24, ISBN 9780108454530) published alongside this document sets out the proposals, placing the universal service as the overriding objective of the regulatory system. The Government will continue to provide for financial support for the universal service. Royal Mail will remain in the public sector. The Government is committed to maintaining a network of around 11,500 post offices. Post Office Ltd will become a sister company of Royal Mail Group Ltd with equal status to the letters business within the Royal Mail group of companies.

This paper outlines the Government's proposals that aim to safeguard the universal postal service and secure sustainable futures for the Royal Mail and the Post Office. It follows on from two reports by Richard Hooper ("Modernise or decline ... ", Cm. 7529, 2008, ISBN 9780101752923 and "Saving the Royal Mail's universal postal service in the digital age", Cm. 7937, 2010, ISBN 9780101793728). The associated Postal Services Bill (Bill 78, ISBN 9780215546357) will allow private sector investment in Royal Mail to bring in commercial disciplines and the potential for new capital. The Government will sell shares in Royal Mail to achieve this investment. An employee share scheme will also be established which will hold at least 10 per cent of the equity in Royal Mail. The historic pension deficit of some £8.4 billion will be transferred to Government and a new public sector pension scheme created. The Government also makes clear that the Post Office is not for sale, but the Bill allows for the possibility of mutual ownership in the future. Finally, the regulation of the postal services sector is to be modernised. The responsibility for the mail sector will transfer from Postcomm to Ofcom, with a primary responsibility to act in a way that will secure the future of the universal postal service. Extra safeguards for the universal postal service are put in place by the Bill.

This book is the outgrowth of shared interests between the editors and the contributing authors to provide a multidisciplinary perspective in evaluating universal service policy and recommending policy changes to accommodate a more competitive telecommunications environment. The book is interdisciplinary in nature to reflect the extremely complex context in which universal service policy is formed. The chapter authors represent a broad cross-section of disciplinary training, professional positions, and relationships in the telecommunications industry. Academic disciplines represented include law, economics, anthropology, communication, and business. This book's purpose is to significantly enhance the development of effective telecommunications universal service policy among policymakers, industry members, and stakeholders in the United States. Universal service policy has been, and will continue to be, both enabled and constrained by the simultaneous interaction of social, political, technological, and economic forces in the environment in which it is formed. A more effective process for policy design is to seek agreement on how entitlements embedded in universal service policy should be modified as circumstances invariably change over time. Therefore, the volume reflects recent significant developments in U.S. universal service policy--the implementation of which continues to unfold.