The Family of Pa-di-Amun-neb-nesut-tawy from Thebes (TT 414) revisited provides fresh material about the identity of one of the key figures of the family that reused the Saite tomb of Ankh-Hor (TT 414) in the Asasif from the 4th century BCE onwards. It is the woman Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu, who was previously listed in the genealogical register of TT 414 as Pa-di-Amun-neb-nesut-tawy's daughter and wife of one of his sons, Hor. By examining objects found by the agents of the consuls in the 19th century CE and those found by the Austrian mission in the 1970s in TT 414 and in wider Theban contexts, the authors are able to identify Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu, wife of Hor, as another, until now overlooked individual, separate from his sister with the same name. The examination of the funerary assemblage of Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu and of objects belonging to her husband, daughter and sons reveals not only details of Late Dynastic and Ptolemaic burial customs in Thebes but also additional information on the priesthood of Khonsu and of the sacred baboons in this era. This new identification of a previously overlooked person, the mistress of the house and daughter of the first prophet of Amun, Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu (G108 + G137), demonstrates that the finds from TT 414 are still far from being processed in their totality. This material has the potential to provide answers to some of the open questions regarding Late Dynastic/Ptolemaic Thebes and to contextualise funerary assemblages.

This book identifies a key figure in the family that reused the Saite tomb of Ankh-Hor (TT 414) in the Asasif: Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu. Examining the funerary assemblage revealed not only details of Late Dynastic and Ptolemaic burial customs in Thebes but also additional information on the priesthood of Khonsu and of the sacred baboons in this era.

This book identifies a key figure in the family that reused the Saite tomb of Ankh-Hor (TT 414) in the Asasif: Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu. Examining the funerary assemblage revealed not only details of Late Dynastic and Ptolemaic burial customs in Thebes but also additional information on the priesthood of Khonsu and of the sacred baboons in this era.

Glorification Spells from a Priestly Milieu in Ancient Egypt presents the first comprehensive edition of an ancient Egyptian ritual composition entitled the Glorification Recited on Each Due Occasion of the Embalming Place, a collection of glorification spells attested in five papyri from around 300 BCE. Arguably the most significant extensive ancient Egyptian ritual text still awaiting systematic study, its constituent spells preserve and transmit religious ideas which resonated with the ancient Egyptians for millennia. The collection and adaptation of these spells into a single coherent ritual work bear witness to the remarkable creativity of the priests and scribes of the latest periods of Egyptian history. Much of this process may be attributable to members of a single family or a small circle of colleagues living in a particular place during a circumscribed period of time, highlighting the importance of individual or small-group agency, not only in preserving and transmitting religious traditions, but in transforming them as well. Glorification spells were recited in the embalming place and elsewhere. They were intended, not only to revivify those to whom they were addressed, restoring their mental and physical faculties, but to secure their elevation to a new, exalted status, that of an akh, or glorified spirit, as well. This status integrated the beneficiary within the hierarchy of gods and other glorified spirits in the next world. This volume places the Glorification Recited on Each Due Occasion of the Embalming Place in its wider historical, religious, and sociological context. It includes a hieroglyphic synopsis of all known examples of the spells, and a transliteration and translation of the copy of them preserved in P. Louvre N. 3129, the type version. In a line-by-line commentary, variant readings in the parallels are recorded and salient points of interest, whether grammatical, lexicographical, historical, topographical, or theological, are discussed. An extensive glossary, a general bibliography, an index, and photographic reproductions are provided, alongside hieroglyphic transcriptions of the papyri.

In the 660s BC Egypt was a politically fragmented and occupied country. However, this was to change when a family of local rulers from the city of Sais declared independence from the Assyrian Empire, and in a few short years succeeded in bringing about the reunification of Egypt. The Saites established central government, reformed the economy and promoted trade. The country became prosperous, achieving a pre-eminent role in the Mediterranean world. This is the first monograph devoted entirely to a detailed exploration of the Saite Dynasty. It reveals the dynamic nature of the period, the astuteness of the Saite rulers and their considerable achievements in the political, economic, administrative and cultural spheres. It will appeal not only to students of Egyptology but also, because of the interactions of the Saite Dynasty with the Aegean and Mesopotamia worlds, to anyone interested in ancient history.

Sixth-century BCE Egypt spawned a key figure of ancient cross-regional diplomacy. The Egyptian politician and chief physician Udjahorresnet held high inner-political functions in the former Egyptian kingship realm and became an important figure in transforming Egypt into a regional center within the vast and exceedingly culturally diverse empire of the Achaemenid Persians. His reputation was such that he was revered some two centuries after his death, but today many scholars view him as a collaborator. Udjahorresnet was, no doubt, a complex man, and he left a complex record reflecting the complex world in which he lived. The thirteen papers in this volume explore his life, his texts, his artifacts, and his milieu.

The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt expands upon the information presented in the first with a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on Egyptian rulers, bureaucrats, and commoners whose records have survived, as well as ancient society, religion, and gods.

The choachytes (or morticians) of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes provided a rich documentation linking the city of the living on one side of the Nile with the city of the dead on the other. The family archives of these choachytes deal to a large part with their professional role in serving the dead entrusted to their care, but they are also virtually our only source of information about the city of Thebes, whose physical remains were ruthlessly obliterated in the nineteenth century. This material constitute one end of a chain which links the temple statues of Amun's servants and descriptions of their houses on the one hand with their tombs and their tomb inventories on the other, allowing us to identify individual choachytes from their papers. The papyrological finds can thus provide an exact dating for objects that might otherwise be only dated to within several centuries, while the objects themselves and the tomb architecture provide a factual dimension to historical and legal documents which might otherwise remain flat and arid. It was in order to draw attention to the richness of all the constituent parts of this documentation that a number of scholars were invited to present their views on Graeco-Roman Thebes at a colloqium held from 9 to 11 September 1992 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The survey papers and communications presented at this colloqium are published here.

The current volume assembles a series of studies of Middle Kingdom culture gathered around the theme of archaism, change, and innovation. The papers had their origin in a symposium the University of Pennsylvania Museum hosted in 2002, and held in memory of the great Middle Kingdom scholar, Oleg Berlev. The Penn Museum organized the conference that received generous support from the Center for Ancient Studies of the University of Pennsylvania and the Marilyn and William Kelly Simpson Endowment in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Yale University. For the publication, the authors revised and augmented their essays, allowing this volume to include up-to-date information. The editors also invited other scholars to contribute additional studies resulting in a volume that deals with the Middle Kingdom in a broader context. The Marilyn and William Kelly Simpson endowment in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Yale University generously provided the funds necessary for the publication of the volume.