The Evolution Of Reputation Based Cooperation
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Author |
: Rafael Wittek |
Publisher |
: Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages |
: 172 |
Release |
: 2023-12-21 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781009217514 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1009217518 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (14 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Evolution of Reputation-Based Cooperation by : Rafael Wittek
Gossiping and its reputation effects are viewed as the most powerful mechanism to sustain cooperation without the intervention of formal authorities. Being virtually costless, gossiping is highly effective in monitoring and sanctioning norm violators. Rational individuals cooperate in order to avoid negative reputations. But this narrative is incomplete and often leads to wrong predictions. Goal Framing Theory, a cognitive-behavioral approach anchored in evolutionary research, provides a better explanatory framework. Three overarching goal frames (hedonic, gain, and normative) constantly compete for being in our cognitive foreground. This Element argues that for gossip to have reputation effects, a salient normative goal frame is required. But since the hedonic mindset usually trumps gain and normative concerns, most gossip will be driven by hedonic motives and therefore not have strong reputation effects. Propositions on cultural, structural, dispositional, situational, and technological gossip antecedents and consequences are developed and illustrated with evidence from the empirical record.
Author |
: Robert Axelrod |
Publisher |
: Basic Books |
Total Pages |
: 258 |
Release |
: 2009-04-29 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780786734887 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0786734884 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (87 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Evolution of Cooperation by : Robert Axelrod
A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
Author |
: Francesca Giardini |
Publisher |
: Oxford University Press |
Total Pages |
: 547 |
Release |
: 2019-05-22 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780190494094 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0190494093 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (94 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation by : Francesca Giardini
Gossip and reputation are core processes in societies and have substantial consequences for individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and markets.. Academic studies have found that gossip and reputation have the power to enforce social norms, facilitate cooperation, and act as a means of social control. The key mechanism for the creation, maintenance, and destruction of reputations in everyday life is gossip - evaluative talk about absent third parties. Reputation and gossip are inseparably intertwined, but up until now have been mostly studied in isolation. The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation fills this intellectual gap, providing an integrated understanding of the foundations of gossip and reputation, as well as outlining a potential framework for future research. Volume editors Francesca Giardini and Rafael Wittek bring together a diverse group of researchers to analyze gossip and reputation from different disciplines, social domains, and levels of analysis. Being the first integrated and comprehensive collection of studies on both phenomena, each of the 25 chapters explores the current research on the antecedents, processes, and outcomes of the gossip-reputation link in contexts as diverse as online markets, non-industrial societies, organizations, social networks, or schools. International in scope, the volume is organized into seven sections devoted to the exploration of a different facet of gossip and reputation. Contributions from eminent experts on gossip and reputation not only help us better understand the complex interplay between two delicate social mechanisms, but also sketch the contours of a long term research agenda by pointing to new problems and newly emerging cross-disciplinary solutions.
Author |
: Michael Tomz |
Publisher |
: Princeton University Press |
Total Pages |
: 324 |
Release |
: 2007-09-02 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780691134697 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0691134693 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (97 Downloads) |
Synopsis Reputation and International Cooperation by : Michael Tomz
Publisher description
Author |
: Liang Yan |
Publisher |
: Springer Nature |
Total Pages |
: 5416 |
Release |
: 2021-11-12 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9789811581557 |
ISBN-13 |
: 981158155X |
Rating |
: 4/5 (57 Downloads) |
Synopsis Advances in Guidance, Navigation and Control by : Liang Yan
This book features the latest theoretical results and techniques in the field of guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) of vehicles and aircraft. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, intelligent computing communication and control; new methods of navigation, estimation, and tracking; control of multiple moving objects; manned and autonomous unmanned systems; guidance, navigation, and control of miniature aircraft; and sensor systems for guidance, navigation, and control. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it also provides detailed information of a number of the studies, to offer readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the development of GNC, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of guidance, navigation, and control.
Author |
: Herbert Gintis |
Publisher |
: Princeton University Press |
Total Pages |
: 576 |
Release |
: 2000 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0691009430 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780691009438 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (30 Downloads) |
Synopsis Game Theory Evolving by : Herbert Gintis
The study of strategic action (game theory) is moving from a formal science of rational behavior to an evolutionary tool kit for studying behavior in a broad array of social settings. In this problem-oriented introduction to the field, Herbert Gintis exposes students to the techniques and applications of game theory through a wealth of sophisticated and surprisingly fun-to-solve problems involving human (and even animal) behavior. Game Theory Evolving is innovative in several ways. First, it reflects game theory's expansion into such areas as cooperation in teams, networks, the evolution and diffusion of preferences, the connection between biology and economics, artificial life simulations, and experimental economics. Second, the book--recognizing that students learn by doing and that most game theory texts are weak on problems--is organized around problems, and introduces principles through practice. Finally, the quality of the problems is simply unsurpassed, and each chapter provides a study plan for instructors interested in teaching evolutionary game theory. Reflecting the growing consensus that in many important contexts outside of anonymous markets, human behavior is not well described by classical "rationality," Gintis shows students how to apply game theory to model how people behave in ways that reflect the special nature of human sociality and individuality. This book is perfect for upper undergraduate and graduate economics courses as well as a terrific introduction for ambitious do-it-yourselfers throughout the behavioral sciences.
Author |
: Karl Sigmund |
Publisher |
: Princeton University Press |
Total Pages |
: 184 |
Release |
: 2016-05-31 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780691171081 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0691171084 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (81 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Calculus of Selfishness by : Karl Sigmund
This volume looks at social dilemmas where cooperative motivations are subverted and self-interest becomes self-defeating. Sigmund, a pioneer in evolutionary game theory, uses simple and well-known game theory models to examine the foundations of collective action and the effects of reciprocity and reputation.
Author |
: Héctor M. Manrique |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 161 |
Release |
: 2017-08-22 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783319644479 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3319644475 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (79 Downloads) |
Synopsis Early Evolution of Human Memory by : Héctor M. Manrique
This work examines the cognitive capacity of great apes in order to better understand early man and the importance of memory in the evolutionary process. It synthesizes research from comparative cognition, neuroscience, primatology as well as lithic archaeology, reviewing findings on the cognitive ability of great apes to recognize the physical properties of an object and then determine the most effective way in which to manipulate it as a tool to achieve a specific goal. The authors argue that apes (Hominoidea) lack the human cognitive ability of imagining how to blend reality, which requires drawing on memory in order to envisage alternative future situations, and thereby modifying behavior determined by procedural memory. This book reviews neuroscientific findings on short-term working memory, long-term procedural memory, prospective memory, and imaginative forward thinking in relation to manual behavior. Since the manipulation of objects by Hominoidea in the wild (particularly in order to obtain food) is regarded as underlying the evolution of behavior in early Hominids, contrasts are highlighted between the former and the latter, especially the cognitive implications of ancient stone-tool preparation.
Author |
: Samuel Bowles |
Publisher |
: Princeton University Press |
Total Pages |
: 275 |
Release |
: 2011-05-31 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781400838837 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1400838835 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (37 Downloads) |
Synopsis A Cooperative Species by : Samuel Bowles
A fascinating look at the evolutionary origins of cooperation Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis—pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior—show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.
Author |
: Shirsendu Podder |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 0 |
Release |
: 2023 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1400090404 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (04 Downloads) |
Synopsis Reputation-based Strategies for the Evolution of Cooperative Behaviour by : Shirsendu Podder