The Mbos are a large ethnic group in present day Cameroon and were an important and powerful group until the Anglo-French partition. Following the defeat of the colonial power, Germany, in the First World War, the League of Nations in a March 1916 Mandate, partitioned the territory into two unequal halves among the victorious imperial powers of England and France, to be governed in trust as from 1922. As a result of the partition, the Mbos, who happened to find themselves right along the lines of division, were thrust under French and English administrations. Roughly two thirds of the Mbos found themselves in what had then become French (East) Cameroon, while the remaining one third was placed under British (West) Cameroon rule. Today the Mbos, as a whole, occupy parts of the Littoral and Western (Francophone) and Southwest (Anglophone) regions of Cameroon. While the Francophone Mbos have, over the decades, benefited from all aspects of economic, social, political, and agricultural development, the Anglophone Mbos have been isolated and deprived of all the outward and physical - tangible - aspects of socio-economic and political progress. The persistence of such colonial divisions makes for inequality among the Mbos, despite their common ancestry, ethnicity and cultural heritage. This book seeks to update diverse aspects of the study conducted on the British Mbos by J.W.C. Rutherford and others as a first step toward a comprehensive publication on the Anglophone Mbos.

In 2005, a United Nations study reported that half of the world’s languages (estimated at 6,000) would disappear by the end of this century. A third of these endangered languages are in Africa where, according to the same study, nearly 250 languages have disappeared in the last century. Language is the heart, identity, storage system for the collective and unique memory and experience of every culture, people, including their natural habitat. Loss of language means loss of the ability to retain and pass on not just a belief system but also invaluable knowledge to future generations. This English-Lekongho/Lekongho-English Dictionary is a modest first attempt to minimize the envisaged sad phenomenon of language loss. Nkongho-Mbo people speak Lekongho, one of the five variants of the Mbo language of the Mbo ethnic group of Cameroon, with their ancestral home in the Kupe Muanenguba Administrative Area of the South-west Region. With this book, the authors’ fervent hope is that there will no longer surface any justification to continue to refrain from speaking Lekongho on a daily basis. This effort will help to regionalize, nationalize and internationalize the Lekongho language since Nkongho people are spread all over the country, Africa and the world.

Cameroon is a land of much promise, but a land of unfulfilled promises. It has the potential to be an economically developed and democratic society but the struggle to live up to its potential has not gone well. Since independence there have been only two presidents of Cameroon; the current one has been in office since 1982. Endowed with a variety of climates and agricultural environments, numerous minerals and substantial forests, and a dynamic population, this is a country that should be a leader of Africa. Instead, we find a country almost paralyzed by corruption and poor management, a country with a low life expectancy and serious health problems, and a country from which the most talented and highly educated members of the population are emigrating in large numbers. To all of this is recently added a serious terrorism problem, Boko Haram, in the north, a separatist movement in the Anglophone west, refugee influxes in the north and east, and bandits from the Central African Republic attacking eastern villages. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Republic of Cameroon.

The Mbos are a large ethnic group in present day Cameroon and an important and powerful group until the Anglo-French partition. Following the defeat of the colonial power, Germany, in the First World War (WWI), the League of Nations in a March 1916 Mandate, partitioned the territory into two unequal halves among the victorious imperial powers of England and France, to be governed in trust as from 1922. As a result of the partition, the Mbos, who happened to find themselves right along the lines of division, were thrust under French and English administration, respectively. Roughly two thirds of the Mbos found themselves in what had then become French (East) Cameroon, while the remaining one third was thrust under British (West) Cameroon rule. Today the Mbos, as a whole, occupy parts of the Littoral and Western (Francophone) and Southwest (Anglophone) regions of Cameroon. While the Francophone Mbos have, over the decades, benefited from all aspects of economic, social, political, and agricultural development, the Anglophone Mbos have been isolated and deprived of all the outward and physical (tangible) aspects of socio-economic and political progress. The persistence of such colonial divisions makes for inequality among the Mbos, despite their common ancestry, ethnicity and cultural heritage. This book seeks to update on diverse aspects of the study conducted on the British Mbos by J.W.C. Rutherfoord and others as a first step toward a comprehensive publication on the Anglophone Mbos.

Published in 2004, The Manenguba Languages of Cameroon is a valuable contribution to the field of Asian Studies.

This book stems from a compilation of two separate research projects. The first was A Long Essay entitled Meaning of the Names of People in Mbo, Department of Linguistics, University of Buea and the other was an Essay entitled Time in Lekongho. The authors succinctly presented Nkongho- Mbo traditional names, their meaning and socio-cultural implications in the Nkongho-Mbo Speech Community. Most importantly, the researchers examined the impact of the Nkongho- Mbo names to the bearers. They explored the positivity and negativity of the selected Nkongho- Mbo names, including the meanings portrayed through the Lekongho language. In addition, they demonstrated the wealth and diversity of African languages, cultures and traditions and how they are fast losing their richness and diversity to the domineering influence of European colonialism and modernization which has drastically altered the socio-cultural, socio-economic and political conditions in Africa and given rise to a new generation of Africans who take greater pride in imbibing and promoting Europeans rather than fostering African values. The authors also addressed the Nkongho conception of time and names in a succinct analysis of how the Nkongho-Mbo people conceived, interpret and use them. The concept of time in most African cultures is very elusive, fluid and imprecise but this book has demonstrated that careful research and patient analysis can reduce that elusiveness, fluidity and imprecision. The authors have moved away from that colonial frame of mind and have shown great interest in reviving certain of the African values that have fallen prey to modernization.

The foundation of Tombel Town has influenced the rapid evolution of Bakossiland in terms of the growth, distribution and diversity of the population and, the diversity of economic activities. Though peripheral in location, Tombel Town and its environs (Tombel Sub-Division) have become the centre of attraction, the pull-centre of internal and external migration and, the economic pull centre within Kupe Mwanenguba. This migratory trend continues unabated, except for close to ten years after the violent explosion or Crisis of 31st December 1966. The rapid growth in the diversity of population has promoted the cosmopolitan nature of the Town and the Tombel Sub-Division and given rise to the creation many small economic self-employing activities as well as diverse needs that have to be satisfied. This has enabled Tombel to become the economic engine of Bakossiland, and indeed, of the whole Kupe-Mwanenguba Division. Agriculture is the heart of the economic life Tombel Sub-Division and Kupe-Mwanenguba. Both cash and food crops do very well, But. The lack of good roads, difficulty to acquire inputs such as relevant chemicals for protecting growing plants and developing fruits from disease, and the lack of adapted tools, impede increased productivity and the preservability of harvested agricultural crops. Secondly, the lack of easy and affordable means of transport impedes both production and, the transport of agricultural products from farm to market. Transportation is prohibitive because the roads are in very bad condition through most of the year in this very rainy area. Delicate crops are difficult to preserve and undergo fast degradation and much loss while waiting to be transported and, during transportation from farms to the markets. As a result, peasants do not receive the full value and price of their produce. Lack of roads and transportation breed poverty.

"This book offers a timely, clear-headed, and uniquely important contribution to conservation, one that should be read by all bureaucrats, scientists, and others involved with development projects that supposedly benefit wildlife and wilderness."--George B. Schaller, author of Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe

Balancing Sovereignty and Development in International Affairs is about Cameroon, a minor power in world affairs, and her foreign policy and international relations, especially as she deals with major powers, in this case, France. It emphasizes Cameroon’s economic and political relations with France, her relations with Francophone Africa, Anglophone Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967–1970, the hot button issues of African liberation, and the development challenges that she faced. The study probes the nature, scope, depth, dynamics, and drivers of Cameroon’s foreign policy to understand its logic, and to uncover the consequences to the country's development and sovereignty. It also investigates and sheds light on some conventional views about Cameroon’s relations with France—the view that Cameroon is a French puppet. The above questions are investigated within the theoretical framework of dominant-dependent- compliant behavior in world politics. Put differently, as a minor partner in her relations with France, was Cameroon being unduly exploited to France’s benefits or not? If not, what were Cameroon’s benefits in the relationship? And if so, what were the benefits to France? The case study method, supplemented by rich statistical time series analysis, source-tracing and interviews were used to uncover patterns and common themes in Cameroon’s foreign policy behavior and to systematically document her economic dependence on France and assess if such dependence also generated political consequences for Cameroon in its behavior towards France. Part One of the book discusses the historical origin of the modern Cameroonian state, the domestic context of its foreign policy, post-independence politics, and challenges associated with nation-building, national independence, domestic security, and economic development, that underlay the country’s world view and guided her international behavior. This part also analyzes Cameroon's economic relations with France focusing on trade, investments, and aid, revealing that France dominated the Cameroonian economy in all three sectors, explaining what accounted for such dominance, and what Cameroon tried to do to alleviate the situation. Part two focuses on case studies of critical foreign policy challenges that Cameroon faced, and how she reacted to French interests and pressure.

This Book is the outcome of a long project begun thirty years ago. It is a book on the makings of pan-Africanism through the predicaments of being black in a world dominated by being white. The book is a tribute and celebration of the efforts of the African-American and African-Caribbean Diaspora who took the initiative and the audacity to fight and liberate themselves from the shackles of slavery. It is also a celebration of those Africans who in their own way carried the torch of inspiration and resilience to save and reconstruct the Free Humanism of Africa. As a story of the rise from the shackles of slavery and poverty to the summit of Victors of their Renaissance Identity and Self-Determination as a People, the book is the story of African refusal to celebrate victimhood. The book also situates women as central actors in the Pan-African project, which is often presented as an exclusively masculine endeavour. It introduces a balanced gender approach and diagnosis of the Women actors of Pan-Africanism which was very much lacking. The problem of balkanisation of Africa on post-colonial affiliations and colonial linguistic lines has taken its toll on Africas building of its common identity and personality. The result is that Africans are more remote to each other in their pigeon-hole-nation-states which put more restrictions for African inter-mobility, coupled by education and cultural affiliations, the communication and transportation and trading networks which are still tied more to their colonial masters than among themselves. This book looks into the problem of the new wave of Pan-Africanism and what strategies that can be proposed for a more participatory Pan-Africanism inspired by the everyday realities of African masses at home and in the diaspora. This book is the first book of its kind that gives a comprehensive and multidimensional coverage of Pan-Africanism. It is a very timely and vital compendium.