This book describes an electrophysiological investigation of foci of excitation in the central nervous system of animals and man, foci which become dominant in character. The dominant focus, or dominant as it is usually called by Russian physiologists, is one of the fundamental processes under lying the activity of the central nervous system. The discovery of the mechanisms of formation of dominant foci is important for a deeper understanding of the activity of the human and animal brain and for identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms in lesions of the nervous system. The book summarizes the results of many years of investiga tion, both experimental and clinical, into the nature and properties of foci of excitation arising at different levels of the central ner vous system. A brief survey of the literature on Ukhtomskii's theory of the dominant is given in Chapter I and the present state of this theory is reviewed. The other chapters of the book deal with the results of research in the field of dominant foci undertaken in the author's laboratory. The experimental data relating to changes in the level of the steady cortical potential during the formation of the dominant focus and conditioned reflex are examined. The results obtained by polarization of the cortex with a weak direct current in order to form a dominant focus, and also by polarization of the reticular system of the brain stem and speCific and nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus are given.

This book describes an electrophysiological investigation of foci of excitation in the central nervous system of animals and man, foci which become dominant in character. The dominant focus, or dominant as it is usually called by Russian physiologists, is one of the fundamental processes under lying the activity of the central nervous system. The discovery of the mechanisms of formation of dominant foci is important for a deeper understanding of the activity of the human and animal brain and for identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms in lesions of the nervous system. The book summarizes the results of many years of investiga tion, both experimental and clinical, into the nature and properties of foci of excitation arising at different levels of the central ner vous system. A brief survey of the literature on Ukhtomskii's theory of the dominant is given in Chapter I and the present state of this theory is reviewed. The other chapters of the book deal with the results of research in the field of dominant foci undertaken in the author's laboratory. The experimental data relating to changes in the level of the steady cortical potential during the formation of the dominant focus and conditioned reflex are examined. The results obtained by polarization of the cortex with a weak direct current in order to form a dominant focus, and also by polarization of the reticular system of the brain stem and speCific and nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus are given.

Peace, Culture, and Violence examines deeper sources of violence by providing a critical reflection on the forms of violence that permeate everyday life and our inability to recognize these forms of violence. Exploring the elements of culture that legitimize and normalize violence, the essays collected in this volume invite us to recognize and critically approach the violent aspects of reality we live in and encourage us to envision peaceful alternatives. Including chapters written by important scholars in the fields of Peace Studies and Social and Political Philosophy, the volume represents an endeavour to seek peace in a world deeply marred by violence. Topics include: thug culture, language, hegemony, police violence, war on drugs, war, terrorism, gender, anti-Semitism, and other topics. Contributors are: Amin Asfari, Edward Demenchonok, Andrew Fiala, William Gay, Fuat Gursozlu, Joshua M. Hall , Ron Hirschbein, Todd Jones, Sanjay Lal, Alessandro Rovati, Laleye Solomon Akinyemi, David Speetzen, and Lloyd Steffen.

The regulation of issues like abortion, euthanasia, gun control, same-sex unions, pornography, prostitution, drugs, or gambling is commonly referred to a special class of so called morality policies. The distinctive feature of these policies is that politics are shaped by conflicts over first principle: When does life end? When does it begin? Is gambling, drug consumption or prostitution inherently malignant? The regulation of these value conflicts entails decisions about "right" or "wrong" and hence the "validation of a particular set of basic values". Yet there is still a remarkable lack of scholarly attention on morality policies, in particular with regard to general implications for the study of public policy. To stimulate further research in this area, this book focuses on different concepts and theories of morality policy change in European countries. It is based on a broad and comparative empirical perspective on different morality issues, including, for instance, the regulation of prostitution, abortion, euthanasia, gambling, drugs, as well as gun controls.This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Public Policy.

By addressing the major contemporary challenges to globalization, this study explains why and how the global continues to matter in our unsettled world.

Offering an approach to and examples of integrating language arts and science, each chapter in this book contains one or more Windows into Practice - brief descriptions or accounts by teachers of events in their classrooms; teachers' narratives provide specific illustrations of principles or activities presented.