The present book throws new light on the gradual development of the concept of Rudra-Siva in his animal, phallic and human forms, since the days of the Harappa Civilization. It examines how Siva, the composite Aryan-non-Aryan Divinity, was not only admitted but was ultimately crowned with an exalted position in the Brahmanical pantheon; how the bull once identified with the deity, was regulated to the position of a vahana; how phallism was related to Saivism and also how Siva, in his different forms, was represented in early Indian Art and the Art of Further India. The wide range and depth of the author's research fills a vital gap in the subject and his treatment of the entire subject is unique. This methodical study on Siva also contains an exhaustive bibliography.

The Historical Jesus: Five Views provides a venue for readers to sit in on a virtual seminar on the historical Jesus. Beginning with a scene-setting historical introduction by the editors, prominent figures in the Jesus quest set forth their views and respond to their fellow scholars. For both the classroom and personal study, this is a book that fascinates, probes and engages.

This book evaluates the evidence for indirect connections between the Aegean and the Indus extending back to the third and fourth millennia BCE, particularly commodities such as tin and lapis lazuli, and discusses recently discovered objects, new methods of materials analysis techniques and topics, as well as iconographic investigation.

One of the three great gods of Hinduism, Siva is a living god. The most sacred and most ancient book of India, "The Rg Veda," evokes his presence in its hymns; Vedic myths, rituals, and even astronomy testify to his existence from the dawn of time. In a lively meditation on Siva--based on original Sanskrit texts, many translated here for the first time--Stella Kramrisch ponders the metaphysics, ontology, and myths of Siva from the Vedas and the Puranas. Who is Siva? Who is this god whose being comprises and transcends everything? From the dawn of creation, the Wild God, the Great Yogi, the sum of all opposites, has been guardian of the absolute. By retelling and interweaving the many myths that keep Siva alive in India today, Kramrisch reveals the paradoxes in Siva's nature and thus in the nature of consciousness itself.

This book, the first of two volumes, explores India’s economic development from 5000BC through to the India’s independence period from 1947AD to 2022AD. The specific characteristics of economic development in India are examined to help determine development paths India can pursue to create sustainable development in the 21st century. The transition from the primary section to the secondary sector, through the process of industrialisation and in turn the move towards the services sector, is discussed in relation to climate change and the pressure on resources posed by population growth. This book aims to contextualise India’s economic development within the political economy of trade, sustainable development and culture with a particular focus on the institutions that have emerged in the Indian sub-continent since 5000BC. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic history, development economics, and the political economy.

Whether Vedic people were indigenous habitants or emigrants is a hotly debated current issue. Both sides involved in the debate have been vehemently using the available evidences, with twists – caused at times due to sheer neglect and at times even fraudulently - to bring home their point of view, somehow. Nevertheless, what is the truth? Were there ever any migrations of so-called PIE language speakers, located at some hypothetical and yet uncertain homeland, to spread the language and culture? Are migrations necessary from any hypothetical homeland to result into a net of the languages? What was the geography of Rig Veda? Was the Avesta contemporaneous to the Rig Veda? Did any relation ever exist between the Vedic people and the Indus-Ghaggar civilisation? Is there any relationship between the Vedic religion and the modern Hindu religion? While answering to these vital questions, this book postulates a theory on the issue of the so-called IE languages and origins of the Vedic as well as the Zoroastrian religions. It diligently explains how the religious and cultural ethos of the Indus-Ghaggar Civilisation has flowed to us uninterrupted and exposes the schemes of the Vedicist scholars, who are attempting to claim its authorship!

This introduction to hinduism sets out the major beliefs and practices which inform Hinduism at the end of the 1990s. It depicts the colour and diversity of the many dimensions of Hinduism, and deals with the fundamental beliefs which underpin the religion.

This book spotlights how women leaders behave in chaotic environments and features examples of women who have been key figures in determining complex socio-economic outcomes throughout history. Women leaders can be seen on many high- levels in the political arena, be they a prime minister, empress or opinion leader. From Kösem Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to Benazir Bhutto, women leaders have had an undeniable effect on modern history. Is it possible to understand the current role of women in politics in Turkey without the First Lady Emine Erdoğan? Can we analyze Europe’s future without Angela Merkel? There are many different books about women leaders' biography or memoirs of persons who worked closely with them. However, until now, no in-depth scientific analysis of such women leaders with respect to chaos and complexity theory has been available. This work represents a unique and important step towards filling this gap in research, and includes an epilogue presenting women’s leadership model visualized by an eight-pointed star.

At the very outset, I wish to clarify that this is not a new work : This WebGuruCool Indological Studies 3 incorporates parts of my work, Encyclopaedia of Indian Coins (Ancient Coins of Northern India up to c 650 AD), a two-volume set, published by Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi, in 2012. The main object behind undertaking this publication is to make information about the divinities and their symbols, appearing on ancient Indian coins, available to students, who may be interested, but are unable to access the Encyclopaedia. On a more selfish note, it is a sort of an advertisement for the Encyclopaedia. It is hoped that a perusal of this WebGuruCool Indological Studies 3 may whet the appetite of the readers for the Encyclopaedia. For a brief survey of ancient Indian coinage system, I would refer the reader to the Introduction of my Encyclopaedia of Indian Coins (Ancient Coins of Northern India up to c 650 AD) 1, to my Gleanings in Ancient Indian Numismatics, and to my joint work with Professor K K Thaplyal, Coins of Ancient India. In the Dictionary proper, the divinites and their symbols, occurring on ancient Indian coins, have been arranged in an alphabetical order. The Select Bibliography begins at page number 195. I acknowledge, with a profound sense of gratitude, the inspiration I always receive from my Guru, Professor K K Thaplyal, and the warm support extended to me by my family, and extended family of students—Wife Dr Nidhi Srivastava, daughters Pratichi and Purvi, son-in-law Kumar Aishvarya, and students Dr Umesh Singh, Dr Jitesh Kumar Singh, Sushil Chand and Abhay Pratap Singh Rajawat. 27 November 2022. Prashant Srivastava.

The research for this book was motivated by speculations about the religious movements that may have influenced the plans and arrangements of temples built by the Hoysaḷas of Karnataka in the period between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It investigates the causes for the accelerated pace of these constructions; enquires about what served as catalysts for the incorporation of multiple shrines within structures; examines the factors that gave momentum to the sanctification of a variety of deities within them; and studies the characteristics of their style as it was manifested in the temples they commissioned. Thought the finest of these are in the Imperial Hoysaḷa Style (in either the Haḷebīḍ or Koravañgala types), all of the architectural output does not necessarily fall into these categories, some displaying a plurality of characteristics from earlier regional idioms. However, the differences between the two are revealing as they serve to highlight the really ground breaking innovations introduced by the Hoysaḷas.