The Cappadocian Fathers had great impact on the church of the fourth century, having brought their passion for Christ and their theological expertise to life in their ministry. While Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus are well known, the women of their families were also highly influential. In The Cappadocian Mothers, Carla D. Sunberg uncovers the lives of seven women who may have had more effect on the theology of the church than previously believed. As the Cappadocians wrestle with the Christianization of the concept of deification, we find the women in their lives becoming models for their theological understanding. The lives of the women become points of intersection in the kenosis-theosis parabola. Not only are the Cappadocian Mothers brought to life in the texts, but they become models of an optimistic theology of restoration for all of humanity without constraint of gender.

The Cappadocian Fathers had great influence on the church of the fourth century, having brought their passion for Christ and theological expertise to life in their ministry. Their work was not devoid of influence, including that of their immediate family members. Within their writings we uncover the lives of seven women, the Cappadocian Mothers, who may have had more influence on the theology of the church than previously believed. As the Cappadocians wrestle with the Christianization of the concept of deification, we find the women in their lives becoming models for their theological understanding. The lives of the women become points of intersection in the kenosis-theosis parabola. Not only are the Cappadocian Mothers uncovered in the texts, but they become models of an optimistic theology of restoration for all of humanity without constraint of gender.

From facing wild beasts in the arena to governing the Roman Empire, Christian women--as preachers and philosophers, martyrs and empresses, virgins and mothers--influenced the shape of the church in its formative centuries. This book provides in a single volume a nearly complete compendium of extant evidence about Christian women in the second through fifth centuries. It highlights the social and theological contributions they made to shaping early Christian beliefs and practices, integrating their influence into the history of the patristic church and showing how their achievements can be edifying for contemporary Christians.

While books about the lives of women in church history are abundant, in this book Simonetta Carr focuses on the important questions they asked—relevant both in the past and today. Throughout church history, women like you (single, married, mothers, and grandmothers, with careers both in and outside their homes) have carefully considered theological issues and asked intelligent and penetrating questions, faithfully seeking the answers in Scripture. You will be encouraged through “Food for Thought” sections at the end of each chapter to consider their questions, raise your own, and discuss them with others. Join your sisters from the church of all ages in taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ! Table of Contents: 1. Marcella of Rome (ca. 325–410): “How Do I Understand the Scriptures?” 2. Macrina the Younger (ca. 330–379): “Should a Christian Live Separate from the World?” 3. Monica of Tagaste (ca. 331−387): “Will My Son Be Lost?” 4. Dhuoda of Uzès (ca. 800–843): “How Can I Nurture a Distant Son?” 5. Kassia (ca. 810–865): “The Fullness of My Sin Who Can Explore?” 6. Christine de Pizan (1364–1430): “Is Woman a Defect of Creation?” 7. Argula Von Grumbach (1492–1554): “Should We Speak against Injustice?” 8. Elizabeth Aske Bowes (ca. 1505–1572): “How Can I Be Sure I Am Saved?” 9. Renée of France (1510–1575): “Should We Pray for God’s Enemies?” 10. Giulia Gonzaga (1513–1566): “How Can I Find Peace of Conscience?” 11. Olympia Morata (1526–1555): “What Can I Do if My Husband Neglects Me?” 12. Charlotte de Bourbon (1546–1582): “What Should I Consider in a Marriage Proposal?” 13. Charlotte Arbaleste Duplessis-Mornay (1550–1606): “Does God Care about Hairstyles?” 14. Dorothy Leigh (d. 1616): “What Should a Mother Teach Her Sons?” 15. Bathsua Makin (ca. 1600–1675): “Should Women Be Educated?” 16. Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672): “How Do I Know the True God Is the One Described in Scriptures?” 17. Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1618–1680): “Are Mind and Body Separate?” 18. Lucy Hutchinson (1620–1681): “How Can We Trust God’s Providence?” 19. Mary White Rowlandson (ca. 1637–1711): “Why Am I Troubled?” 20. Anne Dutton (ca. 1692–1765): “Can Women Write about Theology?” 21. Kata Bethlen (1700–1759): “Can I Marry a Nonbeliever?” 22. Marie Durand (1711–1776): “Can I Be a Secret Christian?” 23. Anne Steele (1717–1778): “Must I Forever Mourn?” 24. Isabella Marshall Graham (1742–1814): “How Can I Help Neglected Families?” 25. Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753–1784): “How Can I Not Oppose Tyranny?” 26. Ann Griffiths (1776–1805): “What Have I to Do with Idols?” 27. Betsey Stockton (ca. 1798–1865): “Are These the Beings with Whom I Must Spend the Remainder of My Life?” 28. Lydia Mackenzie Falconer Miller (1812–1876): “Can True Science Disagree with the Bible?” 29. Sarah Miller (d. 1801): “Can Christians Have Disturbing Thoughts?” 30. Anne Ross Cundell Cousin (1824–1906): “Can We Sing in Heaven if Our Loved Ones Are Missing?” 31. Jeanette Li (1899–1968): “Can the Church of Christ Be Destroyed?”