Victor Watt's reference work comprises a completely new compilation, based on the archives of the English Place-Name Society. It reflects the most recent scholarship for all names of cities, towns, villages, hamlets, rivers, streams, hills and other geographical locations included in the Ordnance Survey Road Atlas of Great Britain (1983), with many more recent additions. The Dictionary will be of interest to geographers, historians, historical linguists and language scholars.

From Abbas Combe to Zennor, this dictionary gives the meaning and origin of place names in the British Isles, tracing their development from earliest times to the present day.

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

This unique and informative dictionary explores the history, meanings, and origin of place names around the world. In over 11,000 entries it covers an enormous geographical range, including continents, countries, islands, cities, mountains, rivers, and much more. Key historical facts are incorporated into each entry, as well as a record of the place name in the local language for an accurate and comprehensive account. For this fifth edition, 134 entirely new entries have been added, including Byzantine Empire, Lac qui Parle, Nasr, Sauk City, and Yekaterinogradskaya. Existing entries have also been fully updated to reflect recent socio-political and geographical changes, most notably in Eswatini and Northern Macedonia. In addition to the entries themselves, the dictionary contains invaluable supplementary content to support the text. There is a glossary of foreign word elements which appear in place names, as well as a list of personalities and leaders who have influenced the naming of places around the world.

This volume provides concise, authoritative accounts of the approaches and methodologies of modern lexicography and of the aims and qualities of its end products. Leading scholars and professional lexicographers, from all over the world and representing all the main traditions andperspectives, assess the state of the art in every aspect of research and practice. The book is divided into four parts, reflecting the main types of lexicography. Part I looks at synchronic dictionaries - those for the general public, monolingual dictionaries for second-language learners, andbilingual dictionaries. Part II and III are devoted to the distinctive methodologies and concerns of the historical dictionaries and specialist dictionaries respectively, while chapters in Part IV examine specific topics such as description and prescription; the representation of pronunciation; andthe practicalities of dictionary production. The book ends with a chronology of the major events in the history of lexicography. It will be a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the field.

'Routledge Language Workbooks' are practical introductions to specific areas of languages for absolute beginners. They provide comprehensive coverage of the areas as well as a basis for further study.

"The translation does full justice to the compiler's wide range of source material; it gives priority to the readings of the oldest manuscript of the Liber Eliensis, but covers everything included in the later but fuller recension of the Latin text presented in E.O. Blake's 1962 edition. There are notes on the text and sources, an introductory essay, appendices and indices."--Jacket.

In early modern culture and in Milton's poetry and prose, this book argues, the concept of hope is intrinsically connected with place and land. Mary Fenton analyzes how Milton sees hope as bound both to the spiritual and the material, the internal self and the external world. Hope, as Fenton demonstrates, comes from commitment to literal places such as the land, ideological places such as the "nation," and sacred, interior places such as the human soul. Drawing on an array of materials from the seventeenth century, including emblems, legal treatises, political pamphlets, and prayer manuals, Fenton sheds light on Milton's ideas about personal and national identity and where people should place their sense of power and responsibility; Milton's politics and where he thought the English nation was and where it should be heading; and finally, Milton's theology and how individuals relate to God.

Between the Celtic tribe of the Iron Age—the Cantiaci—and the twenty-first-century inhabitants of Canterbury, three millenia stand during which the city has enjoyed unparalleled fame, particularly since it became the religious heart of the country in AD 597. While ambling through the streets of modern Canterbury, one is able to—if careful enough to do so—get the feel of the medieval city. There must be reasons for that enduring impact of the past and it might be because of the overwhelming wealth of people who have left their mark as well as events of momentous importance that took place there. Canterbury: A Medieval City will take the reader on a trip through time, space and history, as well as literature. It will enable him to apprehend the magnitude of the history of the place and the reasons why Canterbury has become the magnet it is nowadays for people from all over the world, the “mecca for tourists” as it is advertised on some websites. While illustrious figures are dealt with in the articles contained in the book, such as Saint Augustine, Thomas Becket, and Geoffrey Chaucer—who account for the renown of the place and have indeed helped to shape national identity—it is also possible to catch a glimpse of the less notorious personalities and facts that have also worked to give Canterbury its deeply ingrained identity: people like priors, as well as the many different ways which the city functioned.

This volume brings together eleven studies on the history of language and writing in the North Sea area, with focus on contacts and interchanges through time. Its range spans from the investigation of pre-Germanic place-names to present-day Shetland; the materials studied include glosses, legal and trade documents as well as place names and modern dialects. The volume is unique in its combination of linguistics and place-name studies with literacy studies, which allows for a very dynamic picture of the history of language contact and texts in the North Sea area. Different approaches come together to illuminate a major insight: the omnipresence of multilingualism as a context for language development and a formative characteristic of literacy. Among the contributors are experts on English, Nordic and German language history. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students working on the history of Northern European languages, literacy studies and language contact