2020—the turn of decade, the intended year of Expo, and the eve of the UAE's 50th anniversary—is indeed an opportune time. Even as shockwaves from a truly unexpected disruption, known colloquially as coronavirus and officially COVID-19, resonate around the world, Dubai's diversification as well as its orientation toward innovation will undoubtedly help the Emirate lead the way through a challenging time.The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 244-page publication covers green economy, banking, capital markets, insurance, energy, industry, telecoms and IT, transport and logistics, maritime, real estate, construction, health, education, and tourism.

As Ecuador and the world at large grapple with the emerging challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important not to forget the fundamentals of the Ecuadorian economy and the success stories of 2019 and the start of 2020. We believe contained within these pages is an accurate, balanced account of the state of the Ecuadorian economy as of publication, told through the words of the dozens of top public- and private-sector figures. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 212-page publication covers green economy, finance, hydrocarbons, mining, agriculture, construction, industry, transport, education, health, ICT, and tourism.

Sharjah is well known, not only for its heritage sites, culturally rich sites, and vivid modern quarters, but also for its promising business environment and high level of human talent, with all the resources needed to make the next leap. Thanks to the great efforts of its leaders, Emirati students have access to world-class level universities, are fluent in several languages, and possess a broad, international outlook that can serve any business format. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 118-page publication covers finance, investment, energy, green economy, IT and media, industry, transport, construction, real estate, health, education, and tourism.

For the Saudi Arabia 2020 publication, our sixth annual edition on the Kingdom's economy, we placed heavy emphasis on technology and innovation as a catalyst for change, as well as the developments in the digital economy. Across numerous industries, technology is playing an increasingly greater role—as a global trend but no less true for Saudi Arabia, which has in recent years committed large-scale investment into digital transformation. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 280-page publication covers finance, green economy, energy, water, industry, defense, transport, aviation, digital economy, real estate, construction, food, agriculture, health, education, entertainment, culture, and sports.

Research for this publication began in the wake of elections that saw the re-election of President Muhammadu Buhari, who was sworn in on May 2019. The result brought an end to a period of political uncertainty and added new vigor to Africa's largest economy. Nevertheless, despite this new-found stability, Nigeria is still struggling to overcome the impact of years of recession, not to mention the challenges of the low oil price environment and the effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures. This 188-page publication covers finance, gas and power, oil and exploration, industry, IT and telecoms, transport, construction, real estate, agriculture, health, entertainment, and tourism.

Oman, for some time, has been a nation on the move. An integral part of the GCC, it is also seeking to extend its influence further afield via the development of port infrastructure that is set to make it a firm fixture on the East-West transport route. But Oman isn't developing unguided, instead sticking faithfully to Vision 2040, a wide-ranging, ambitious blueprint that foresees the development of a diverse, sustainable economy unshackled by a reliance on oil and gas, which currently plagues much of the region. In this edition, which features interviews with top business leaders from across the economy, as well as news and analysis, we cover: diplomacy, finance, Vision 2040, 4th Industrial Revolution, digital innovation, sustainability, logistics, real estate, agribusiness, and tourism and retail.

In this challenging time for Spain and the world at large, we want to remind readers of the fundamental economic dynamics of the country in order to better assess its business environment. This publication is unique in that it provides a holistic and multisectoral view of development at a point of much political uncertainty, all amidst notable efforts to become a leader of Industry 4.0 in the European bloc. With information straight from the mouths of leaders and decision makers across the economy, it is a comprehensive guide to investment throughout the diverse and industrially-rich regions of Spain. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 179-page publication covers finance, green economy, energy, industry, IT and telecoms, transport, real estate, construction, agriculture, education, health, tourism, and retail.

Much has changed in the Turkish economy since The Business Year's last publication on the country in 2016. Then, the economy was experiencing a sustained period of high growth at a time when much of the rest of the world was still struggling to recover from the global recession. On our 2019 return to Turkey to produce this publication, the country was in the grip of a sharp drop in its currency's value and the onset of economic recession. Beleaguered by high interest rates and a decline in domestic consumer demand, companies canceled planned investments and corporate loans began souring. Despite this, the year ended optimistically, with the economy beating growth estimates, inflation reined in, and lower global and domestic interest rates providing a needed boost in investment activity. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally.

The Business Year has charted the course of the Omani economy for a decade, and this year we focused on the Sultanate’s diversification plan and its sustainability agenda. While the country is less hydrocarbons rich than its GCC neighbors, infrastructure and renewable energy development, as well as green hydrogen, could be driving forces for growth in the years to come. Both the public and private sectors closely follow the tenets of Vision 2040, a wide-ranging blueprint for growth the kind of which has become ubiquitous across the region. The Business Year: Oman 2023 features interviews, articles, and analysis over 185 pages.

The Business Year conducted more than 200 face-to-face interviews with leading investors, business leaders, and government representatives from all key sectors driving the country’s economic growth for this 336-page publication. In partnership with the Federation of the Saudi Chambers, we have created a comprehensive analysis of the trends defining the economy of the Kingdom, focusing on its resilience and the efforts of the government to build a new image and position the country as a leading player both at a regional and international level.