In 1898, when the USS Maine was sunk off the coast of Cuba, the U.S.A. entered the war against Spain. By May 1898, Commodore Dewey won the Battle of Manila Bay against the Spaniards. Filipino rebels were also fi ghting Spain at that time, trying to be free from more than 300 years of Spanish colonization. The rebels thought that the Americans had helped them become free; but the Americans had other plans. On September 28, 1901, Americans were massacred at Balangiga, Samar. American rescue teams arrived, and subsequently an order to make Samar a howling wilderness was given. The bells used to signal the rebellion were taken as war booty by the Americans. Forty years later, WW II breaks out, and they faced a common enemy. And long ago, a love that was in bloom was thwarted by a mysterious fate. Would fate now be kinder to another love? Jack looked Victoria in the eye, when suddenly he felt his heart beat faster. He was hoping he could talk with her and her family a little longer, or maybe they would invite him for breakfast. Suddenly he felt awkward. Thanks for your help. Ill be seeing you around, he said. He might have turned red. He could still sense his rapid heartbeat, and he hoped against hope that they did not notice. Somehow he was able to get back to his jeep and drive back to his barracks. John had been taking notes as she spoke, then he put his pen down and looked up. What happened that night, Clara? I just want to know, he said. Clara was already at the door, her hand at the knob, ready to fl ee. She looked back at John and told her story. When you left, I was very happy, making plans with my mother. Suddenly Dolfo arrived! He had been looking for me all afternoon and was very jealous, thinking I was with you. He confronted me. Where have you been? he said angrily and came toward me.

Hang The Dogs The True Tragic History of the Balangiga Massacre ------------------------------- Introduction Every point in time is preceded by a skein of threads - threads of incidence - that fan out to the past yet define the incident of the moment. Another skein of possibilities fans out to the future from each point in time. We cannot change the threads that come from the past, but we can choose which threads pull us into the future. This book is about the threads and connections of the past that met at a moment of time on the morning of September 28, 1901, and which stretched forward from it. Some call it the Balangiga 'Massacre', others the 'Balangiga Encounter'. The American generals who first heard about it called it the 'Balangiga Affair'. In this book it's referred to as the 'Balangiga Incident'. Like the warp and weft of a cloth, the threads toward Balangiga weave back and forth across the loom of history in a far more complex pattern than simplistic analyses suggest. It was not an attack by ignorant, violent savages in the thrall of a charismatic leader, Trilbys to the Svengali of General Vicente Lukban. It was not an act of the patriotic masses rising in their newfound sense of nationhood against an oppressive foreign invader. Nor can it be understood in terms only of the 1896-1902 Philippine War of Independence and the Pulahanes Period that followed. (More inside)

This work looks at the problematic relationship between the Phillippines and the US. It argues that when faced with a national crisis or a compelling need to reestablish its autonomy, each nation paradoxically turns to its history with the other to define its place in the world.

"A bravura performance."—The New York Times Histories and personalities collide in this literary tour-de-force about the Philippines’ present and America’s past by the PEN Open Book Award–winning author of Gun Dealers’ Daughter. Two women, a Filipino translator and an American filmmaker, go on a road trip in Duterte’s Philippines, collaborating and clashing in the writing of a film script about a massacre during the Philippine-American War. Chiara is working on a film about an incident in Balangiga, Samar, in 1901, when Filipino revolutionaries attacked an American garrison, and in retaliation American soldiers created “a howling wilderness” of the surrounding countryside. Magsalin reads Chiara’s film script and writes her own version. Insurrecto contains within its dramatic action two rival scripts from the filmmaker and the translator—one about a white photographer, the other about a Filipino schoolteacher. Within the spiraling voices and narrative layers of Insurrecto are stories of women—artists, lovers, revolutionaries, daughters—finding their way to their own truths and histories. Using interlocking voices and a kaleidoscopic structure, the novel is startlingly innovative, meditative, and playful. Insurrecto masterfully questions and twists narrative in the manner of Italo Calvino’s If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler, Julio Cortázar’s Hopscotch, and Nabokov’s Pale Fire. Apostol pushes up against the limits of fiction in order to recover the atrocity in Balangiga, and in so doing, she shows us the dark heart of an untold and forgotten war that would shape the next century of Philippine and American history.

Named one of the ten best books of the year by the Chicago Tribune A Publishers Weekly best book of 2019 | A 2019 NPR Staff Pick A pathbreaking history of the United States’ overseas possessions and the true meaning of its empire We are familiar with maps that outline all fifty states. And we are also familiar with the idea that the United States is an “empire,” exercising power around the world. But what about the actual territories—the islands, atolls, and archipelagos—this country has governed and inhabited? In How to Hide an Empire, Daniel Immerwahr tells the fascinating story of the United States outside the United States. In crackling, fast-paced prose, he reveals forgotten episodes that cast American history in a new light. We travel to the Guano Islands, where prospectors collected one of the nineteenth century’s most valuable commodities, and the Philippines, site of the most destructive event on U.S. soil. In Puerto Rico, Immerwahr shows how U.S. doctors conducted grisly experiments they would never have conducted on the mainland and charts the emergence of independence fighters who would shoot up the U.S. Congress. In the years after World War II, Immerwahr notes, the United States moved away from colonialism. Instead, it put innovations in electronics, transportation, and culture to use, devising a new sort of influence that did not require the control of colonies. Rich with absorbing vignettes, full of surprises, and driven by an original conception of what empire and globalization mean today, How to Hide an Empire is a major and compulsively readable work of history.

The most authoritative international law documents in Philippine history are brought together in one book for the first time. These are primary materials that illuminate Philippine interpretations of international law doctrine.

This is the definitive account of the American occupation of Cebu. It brings together a large mass of original data not only on battles and skirmishes but also on such topics as finances of the resistance, collaboration and factionalism among Cebuanos, brigandage, and the background and motives of the personalities involved.