By the second quarter of the nineteenth century both stipple engraving and aquatint, regarded by Fielding as an art 'invented for the torment of man', were no longer widely used by publishers for large-scale reproductive engravings. Line engraving with its 'beautiful but more or less mechanical arrangement of lines' was also losing ground to the freer style attainable through lithography. The manufactured demand for the 'beautiful productions of our best engravers' through literary annuals 'flung with a prodigal hand before the public, at a price for which they should never have been sold, and which only an excessive sale could render profitable', had outpaced both the supply of engravers and the speed with which such fine plates could be executed. It was therefore to an adaptation of the tonal characteristics offered by the eighteenth century mezzotint that artists such as Fielding turned, to offer a speedier means of producing the softer tonal qualities demanded by the lastest taste. Written in the midst of this period of technical experimentation Fielding's manual is particularly important in detailing the engraver's response to new commercial pressures."The first book to have a chapter solely devoted to all aspects of photography" (Quayle). Particular reference is made to J.N. Niepce, who took the first photograph in 1826, but whose achievement was not made public until 1841, and there is also a section on Daguerre. "...contains information on what were then the most up-to-date matters, including lithography and electrography. Fielding quotes Partington extensively, almost verbatim in parts, describing his source as a "celebrated work on engraving", but he commences with a highly critical view of steel engraving and its evils, having very little to say in its favour. [Fieldings book] was used extensively a year or two later by W.L. Maberley, who published The Print Collector in 1844." from Hunnisett p34. see also Dyson, Pictures to Print p.118 for good reference to this work. See also Printmaking and Picture Printing A28 for details on the plates.

First published in 1980, Steel-Engraved Book Illustration in England is a detailed and comprehensive survey of the steel engravings that were so popular in the nineteenth century. With an extensive range of illustrations, the book refutes the assumption that steel engravings are of little artistic value or importance, a common attitude rooted largely in the connection between steel engravings and mass-produced books. Beginning with an exploration of the identification problems and early history of steel engravings, it moves through the production and printing of the plates and on to a study of several engravers and artists, as well as of the books themselves. Steel-Engraved Book Illustration in England will appeal to anyone interested in the history of printing and illustration.

In May 1555, a broadsheet was produced in Rome depicting the torture and execution in London and York of the Carthusians of the Charterhouses of London, Axeholme, Beauvale and Sheen during the reign of Henry VIII. This single-page martyrology provides the basis for an in-depth exploration of several interconnected artistic, scientific and scholarly communities active in Rome in 1555 which are identified as having being involved in its production. Their work and concerns, which reflect their time and intellectual environment, are deeply embedded in the broadsheet, especially those occupying the groups and individuals who came to be known as Spirituali and in particular those associated with Cardinal Reginald Pole who is shown to have played a key role in its production. Following an examination of the text and a discussion of the narrative intentions of its producers a systematic analysis is made of the images. This reveals that the structure, content and intention of what, at first sight, seems to be nothing more than a confessionally charged Catholic image of the English Carthusian martyrs, typical of the genre of propaganda produced during the Reformation, is, astonishingly, dominated by the most celebrated name of the Italian Renaissance, the artist Michelangelo Buonarotti. Not only are there direct borrowings from two works by Michelangelo which had just been completed in Rome, The Conversion of St Paul and The Crucifixion of St Peter in the Pauline Chapel but many other of his works are deliberately cited by the broadsheet's producers. Through the use of a variety of artistic, scientific and historical approaches, the author makes a compelling case for the reasons for Michelangelo's presence in the broadsheet and his influence on its design and production. The book not only demonstrates Michelangelo's close relationship with notable Catholic reformers, but shows him to have been at the heart of the English Counter Reformation at its inception. This detailed analysis of the broadsheet also throws fresh light on the Marian religious policy in England in 1555, the influence of Spain and the broader preoccupations of the Counter Reformation papacy, while at the same time, enriching our understanding of martyrology across the confessional divide of the Reformation.