Geoffrey, the illegitimate son of Henry II, was successively archdeacon and bishop-elect of Lincoln, royal chancellor, and (for 23 years) archbishop of York, finally dying in exile during the Interdict following his opposition to John's imposition of the 13th. His enduring loyalty to his father, which inspired the subsequent mistrust of his royal half brothers after Henry's death, placed him at the very centre of late twelfth and early thirteenth century politics, especially during John's rebellion during the early years of the Third crusade. Moreover, during most of his time as archbishop his turbulent personality brought him into direct opposition to his cathedral chapter at York, which in turn throws further light on the ecclesiastical politics of the period. He also endured two long periods of exile, and he remains one of the very few bishops in the medieval English church for whom even a partial contemporary biography survives. This edition collects together for the first time Geoffrey's acta as archbishop, and Dr Lovatt's introduction provides a much needed modern account of this intriguing character.

Chapter 7 LAST WILL AND LEGACY -- CONCLUSION -- appendix -- bibliography -- illustration credits -- index

St William of York achieved the unique distinction of being elected archbishop of York twice and being canonised twice. Principally famous for his role in the York election dispute and the miracle of Ouse bridge, William emerges from this, the first full-length study devoted to him, as a significant figure in the life of the church in northern England and an interesting character in his own right. William's father, Herbert the Chamberlain, was a senior official in the royal treasury at Winchester who secured William's initial preferment at York; the importance of family connections, particularly after his cousin Stephen became king, forms a recurring theme. Dr Norton describes how he was early on involved in the primacy dispute with Canterbury, and after his father attempted to assassinate Henry I, he spent some years abroad with Archbishop Thurstan. William knew some of the earliest Yorkshire Cistercians, who were subsequently among his fiercest opponents during his first episcopate, which is here reconsidered in the light of new evidence: he emerges from the affair with much greater credit, St Bernard with correspondingly less. Retiring to Winchester after his deposition, he was elected archbishop a second time in 1153, but died the next year amid suspicions of murder. Miracles at his tomb in 1177 led to his veneration as a saint. The book concludes with the bull of canonisation issued by Pope Honorius III in 1226. Dr CHRISTOPHER NORTON is Reader in Art and Architecture at the University of York.

considers seals from medieval Wales and neighbouring England (the Borders) the market goes beyond Wales ground-breaking treatment of seals as historical documents Has a multidisciplinary scope, covering Art history, Cultural history, Celtic Studies and medieval history uses sigillographic evidence to provide important new insights into the history of medieval Wales and the English border counties

A comprehensive catalogue of all the seal dies, some 497 Welsh seals, and lead papal bullae in the National Museums & Galleries of Wales' collections.

A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages is a cross-disciplinary collection of fourteen essays on medieval sigillography. It is organized thematically, and it emphasizes important, often cutting-edge, methodologies for the study of medieval seals and sealing cultures. As the chronological, temporal and geographic scope of the essays in the volume suggests, the study of the medieval seal—its manufacture, materiality, usage, iconography, inscription, and preservation—is a rich endeavour that demands collaboration across disciplines as well as between scholars working on material from different regions and periods. It is hoped that this collection will make the study of medieval seals more accessible and will stimulate students and scholars to employ and further develop these material and methodological approaches to seals. Contributors are Adrian Ailes, Elka Cwiertnia, Paul Dryburgh, Emir O. Filipovi, Oliver Harris, Philippa Hoskin, Ashley Jones, Andreas Lehnertz, John McEwan, Elizabeth A. New, Jonathan Shea, Caroline Simonet, Angelina A. Volkoff, and Marek L. Wójcik.