Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 148, Lone Wolf Terrorists, examines the phenomenon of the solitary domestic terrorist, analyzes the distinction between such terrorists and mass murderers who are not deemed to be terrorists, considers the motivations of violent extremists, and examines the dilemmas faced by law enforcement in preventing solitary political extremists with violent ideologies from translating their beliefs into actions. The volume is divided into three sections, providing an overview of the topic, an examination of strategies for prevention of such attacks, and a consideration of the Internet's role in contributing to radicalization. Documents included in this volume include a CRS report on domestic terrorism, a report examining violent radicalization from a criminal justice perspective, and a CRS report differentiating hate crimes from domestic terrorism, as well as other reports on the lone wolf terrorism phenomenon and strategies to prevent and/or counter it. The last document in the volume is a CRS report relating to the advocacy of terrorism on the Internet, especially including social media, and the ways in which law enforcement might be able to address the problem of dangerous online speech within the current U.S. legal structure.

Volume 106 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering, guides readers through the complex legal terrain of terrorist financing and money-laundering. Researchers will benefit from the diversity of this volume's selection: from U.S. agency reports on how to implement the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission to the efforts of the European Parliament in seizing assets to two perspectives on how well Saudi Arabia is combating terrorist financing within its borders: the U.S. perspective and the perspective of Saudi Arabia itself. Equally important for researchers is this volume's extensive treatment of U.N. measures on terrorist financing and money laundering. The volume concludes with the full text of the model rules for regulating terrorism-related financial transactions, as promulgated by a joint body of the U.N. and the International Monetary Fund.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 143, The Evolution of the Islamic State, focuses on the U.S. response to the Islamic State (IS) both in Syria and Iraq from a foreign policy standpoint and a military strategy perspective, as well as considering the impact of the rise of IS on the broader global jihadist movement. Consideration is also given to the importance of information warfare in countering IS's worldwide recruiting efforts via the Internet. This volume also includes documents examining related issues of great importance, including a report considering IS's financing, a report on the legal issues arising in connection with U.S. military action against IS, the role of Shia warlords and militias in Iraq in opposing IS, and the lessons that can be learned from the support provided to IS by European fighters.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 141, Hybrid Warfare and the Gray Zone Threat, considers the mutation of the international security environment brought on by decades of unrivaled U.S. conventional military power. The term "hybrid warfare" encompasses conventional warfare, irregular warfare, cyberwarfare, insurgency, criminality, economic blackmail, ethnic warfare, "lawfare", and the application of low-cost but effective technologies to thwart high-cost technologically advanced forces. This volume is divided into five sections covering different aspects of this topic, each of which is introduced by expert commentary written by series editor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. This volume contains thirteen useful documents exploring various facets of the shifting international security environment, including a detailed report on hybrid warfare issued by the Joint Special Operations University and a White Paper on special operations forces support to political warfare prepared by the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, as well as a GAO report and a CRS report covering similar topics. Specific coverage is also given to topics such as cybersecurity and cyberwarfare, the efficacy of sanctions in avoiding and deterring hybrid warfare threats, and the intersection of the military and domestic U.S. law enforcement.

In Volume 107 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, entitled "U.N. Response to Al Qaeda", new General Co-Editor Kristen Boon covers the history that started with U.N. Security Council Resolution 1267 in 1999 and that continues today. In that document, the United Nations established sanctions against any individuals or organizations financially supporting those two terrorist organizations or Osama bin Laden. With her expert commentary on all documents flowing from that resolution, Boon traces the unfolding fate of those sanctions, from the amending resolutions that expanded the sanctions' purview to the provision of a notice period for targeted parties to specific countries and regions' implementing legislation to court challenges claiming that the sanctions violate the targeted parties' human rights. No other book offers what this volume does: an expert guide to the U.N.'s first effort at sanctioning a select group of parties rather than a broad, comprehensive category of unspecificed people.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 140, The Cyber Threat considers U.S. policy in relation to cybersecurity and cyberterrorism, and examines opposing views on cybersecurity and international law by nations such as Russia and China. The documents in this volume include testimony of FBI officials before Congressional committees, as well as detailed reports from the Strategic Studies Institute/U.S. Army War College Press and from the Congressional Research Service. The detailed studies in this volume tackling the core issues of cybersecurity and cyberterrorism include: Legality in Cyberspace; An Adversary View and Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace; and Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications.

With the publication of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Index IV, Oxford University Press continues to provide periodic stand-alone volumes containing cumulative indexes for the individual volumes in the series. Index IV (covering Terrorism Vols. 101-120) adds to the previous index volumes in order to ensure comprehensive searchability within the series. The availability of the cumulative index as well as the volume-specific indexes makes the series more convenient for the reader and provides the researcher with multiple ways to search for information. Index IV also features improved double-columned index formatting, for ease of use in a more compact volume. Although each volume in Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents contains its own volume-specific index, this comprehensive index fully indexes the last twenty volumes in the Terrorism series. Only subject indexes are included in the individual volumes, whereas this comprehensive index includes five different types of indexes including a subject index, an index organized according to the title of the document, an index based on the name of the document's author, an index correlated to the year of the document, and a subject-by-year index. This cumulative index volume therefore provides readers with multiple ways to conduct research within Volumes 101-120 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents.

The Routledge History of Death Since 1800 looks at how death has been treated and dealt with in modern history – the history of the past 250 years – in a global context, through a mix of definite, often quantifiable changes and a complex, qualitative assessment of the subject. The book is divided into three parts, with the first considering major trends in death history and identifying widespread patterns of change and continuity in the material and cultural features of death since 1800. The second part turns to specifically regional experiences, and the third offers more specialized chapters on key topics in the modern history of death. Historical findings and debates feed directly into a current and prospective assessment of death, as many societies transition into patterns of ageing that will further alter the death experience and challenge modern reactions. Thus, a final chapter probes this topic, by way of introducing the links between historical experience and current trajectories, ensuring that the book gives the reader a framework for assessing the ongoing process, as well as an understanding of the past. Global in focus and linking death to a variety of major developments in modern global history, the volume is ideal for all those interested in the multifaceted history of how death is dealt with in different societies over time and who want access to the rich and growing historiography on the subject. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 145, The North Korean Threat, examines the strategies adopted by the United States, China, and the international community in response to the nuclear threat posed by North Korea. The volume includes a selection of documents chosen to illustrate developments in this area from 2010 through 2016, with commentary from series editor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. The documents in this volume include 2016 UN Security Council resolutions on North Korea, Congressional Research Service reports covering various aspects of the U.S. response to North Korea's nuclear program, a U.S. Department of Defense report prepared for Congress on military and security developments related to North Korea, and a detailed description of the U.S. sanctions program against North Korea from the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 144, Autonomous and Semiautonomous Weapons Systems, examines the impact of robots and autonomous and semiautonomous weapons systems on the waging of modern warfare. It considers the likely effects of emerging technological innovations in this area from both a political and strategic standpoint, in addition to considering the implications of such technologies within the context of the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law. This volume is divided into three sections: (1) U.S. policy and approaches to the use of autonomous and semiautonomous weapons systems; (2) U.S. armed forces use of such weapons systems; and (3) potential terrorist use of such weapons systems. Official policy documents from the DoD and the U.S. Army and Air Force are complemented by reports from the Strategic Studies Institute/Army War College Press and other U.S. military sources.