This collection of reprints describes a unified treatment of semantics, covering a wide range of notions in parallel languages. Included are several foundational and introductory papers developing the methodology of metric semantics, studies on the comparative semantics of parallel object-oriented and logic programming, and papers on full abstraction and transition system specifications. In addition, links with process algebra and the theory of domain equations are established. Throughout, a uniform proof technique is used to relate operational and denotational models. The approach is flexible in that both linear time, branching time (or bisimulation) and intermediate models can be handled, as well as schematic and interpreted elementary actions. The reprints are preceded by an extensive introduction surveying related work on metric semantics.

Process Algebra is a formal description technique for complex computer systems, especially those involving communicating, concurrently executing components. It is a subject that concurrently touches many topic areas of computer science and discrete math, including system design notations, logic, concurrency theory, specification and verification, operational semantics, algorithms, complexity theory, and, of course, algebra.This Handbook documents the fate of process algebra since its inception in the late 1970's to the present. It is intended to serve as a reference source for researchers, students, and system designers and engineers interested in either the theory of process algebra or in learning what process algebra brings to the table as a formal system description and verification technique. The Handbook is divided into six parts spanning a total of 19 self-contained Chapters. The organization is as follows. Part 1, consisting of four chapters, covers a broad swath of the basic theory of process algebra. Part 2 contains two chapters devoted to the sub-specialization of process algebra known as finite-state processes, while the three chapters of Part 3 look at infinite-state processes, value-passing processes and mobile processes in particular. Part 4, also three chapters in length, explores several extensions to process algebra including real-time, probability and priority. The four chapters of Part 5 examine non-interleaving process algebras, while Part 6's three chapters address process-algebra tools and applications.

This volume is the proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics, held in New Orleans in April 1993. The focus of the conference series is the semantics of programming languages and the mathematics which supports the study of the semantics. The semantics is basically denotation. The mathematics may be classified as category theory, lattice theory, or logic. Recent conferences and workshops have increasingly emphasized applications of the semantics and mathematics. The study of the semantics develops with the mathematics and the mathematics is inspired by the applications in semantics. The volume presents current research in denotational semantics and applications of category theory, logic, and lattice theory to semantics.

Design has been employed as an agent of social and political change, and a catalyst for spatial and urban transformations in cities across the world. Concurrent Urbanities argues for the centrality of designing in the conceptualization and production of inclusive and participatory urban space, by bringing together civic and urban activists, urbanists, designers and architects committed to exploring designing as a socio-spatial praxis concerned with the reorganization of urban socio-economic systems and relations of power. The blend of first-hand experiences and reflections of the urban practitioners featured reframes design practice beyond the design of physical objects and public amenities, to the design of social protocols, processes, and infrastructures for radically reframing practices of socio-spatial inclusion ‘on the ground.’ Through illustrated examples, this book features the work of Stalker and Stealth who employ design to negotiate new social contracts; Teddy Cruz's design of urban political and economic processes; models of urban pedagogy by the Center for Urban Pedagogy; Cohabitation Strategies’ work on designing urban social cooperatives; and others. Concurrent Urbanities presents a compendium of the emerging models of design-driven urban practice that offers important new insights to professional urban practitioners as well as to students of urbanism, architecture, urban design, and urban and spatial planning.

More than anything else, this book is a tribute to Edsger W. Dijkstra, on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, by just a few of those fortunate enough to be influenced by him and his work and to be called his friend or relation, his master, colleague, or pupil. This book contains fifty-four technical contributions in different areas of endeavor, although many of them deal with an area of particular concern to Dijkstra: programming. Each contribution is relatively short and could be digested in one sitting. Together, they form a nice cross section of the discipline of programming at the beginning of the nineties. While many know of Dijkstra's technical contributions, they may not be aware of his ultimate goal, the mastery of complexity in mathematics and computing science. He has forcefully argued that beauty and elegance are essential to this mastery. The title of this book, chosen to reflect his ultimate goal, comes from a sentence in an article of his on some beautiful arguments using mathematical induction: "... when we recognize the battle against chaos, mess, and unmastered complexity as one of computing sci- ence's major callings, we must admit that 'Beauty Is Our Business'."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Z and B users, ZB 2005, held in Guildford, UK in April 2005. The 25 revised full papers presented together with extended abstracts of 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers document the recent advances for the Z formal specification notation and for the B method, ranging from foundational, theoretical, and methodological issues to advanced applications, tools, and case studies.

This Festschrift is dedicated to Jan Willem Klop on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The volume comprises a total of 23 scientific papers by close friends and colleagues, written specifically for this book. The papers are different in nature: some report on new research, others have the character of a survey, and again others are mainly expository. Every contribution has been thoroughly refereed at least twice. In many cases the first round of referee reports led to significant revision of the original paper, which was again reviewed. The articles especially focus upon the lambda calculus, term rewriting and process algebra, the fields to which Jan Willem Klop has made fundamental contributions.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR 2004, held in London, UK in August/September 2004. The 29 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 134 submissions. Among the topics covered are concurrency related aspects of models of computation, semantic domains, process algebras, Petri nets, event structures, real-time systems, hybrid systems, decidability, model checking, verification techniques, refinement, term and graph rewriting, distributed programming, constraint logic programming, object-oriented programming, typing systems and algorithms, case studies, tools, and environments for programming and verification.

Refinement is one of the cornerstones of the formal approach to software engineering, and its use in various domains has led to research on new applications and generalisation. This book brings together this important research in one volume, with the addition of examples drawn from different application areas. It covers four main themes: Data refinement and its application to Z Generalisations of refinement that change the interface and atomicity of operations Refinement in Object-Z Modelling state and behaviour by combining Object-Z with CSP Refinement in Z and Object-Z: Foundations and Advanced Applications provides an invaluable overview of recent research for academic and industrial researchers, lecturers teaching formal specification and development, industrial practitioners using formal methods in their work, and postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students. This second edition is a comprehensive update to the first and includes the following new material: Early chapters have been extended to also include trace refinement, based directly on partial relations rather than through totalisation Provides an updated discussion on divergence, non-atomic refinements and approximate refinement Includes a discussion of the differing semantics of operations and outputs and how they affect the abstraction of models written using Object-Z and CSP Presents a fuller account of the relationship between relational refinement and various models of refinement in CSP Bibliographic notes at the end of each chapter have been extended with the most up to date citations and research

Presents a unified overview of the various process algebras currently in use and sets the standard for the field.