Targum Yerushalmi, erroneously called "Targum Jonathan", is an in-depth commentary on the Book of Genesis, containing oral traditions of the Jews.

This source analysis of the richest of the Pentateuchal Targums shows its unique material to address the priesthood: its value, its traditions, and its community function. The material shows new views of sacrifice, law, legends, and the supernatural. The print edition is available as a set of two volumes (9789004145825).

Targum Onkelos (or Unkelus) is the official eastern (Babylonian) targum (Aramaic translation) to the Torah. However, its early origins may have been western, in Israel. Its authorship is attributed to Onkelos, a famous convert to Judaism in Tannaic times (c. 35-120 CE). According to Jewish tradition, the content of Targum Onkelos was originally conveyed by God to Moses at Mount Sinai. However, it was later forgotten by the masses, and rerecorded by Onkelos. Some identify this translation as the work of Aquila of Sinope in an Aramaic translation (Zvi Hirsch Chajes), or believe that the name "Onkelos" originally referred to Aquila but was applied in error to the Aramaic instead of the Greek translation. The translator is unique in that he avoids any type of personification. Samuel D. Luzzatto suggests that the translation was originally meant for the "simple people." This view was strongly rebutted by Nathan Marcus Adler in his introduction to Netinah La-Ger. In Talmudic times, and to this day in Yemenite Jewish communities, Targum Onkelos was recited by heart as a verse-by-verse translation alternately with the Hebrew verses of the Torah in the synagogue. The Talmud states that "a person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once (Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum)." This passage is taken by many to refer to Targum Onkelos.

Published in 1865, this volume contains the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. Includes fragments of the Jerusalem Targum from Chaldee.

Targum Jonathan, otherwise referred to as Targum Yonasan/Yonatan, is the official eastern (Babylonian) targum to the Nevi'im. Its early origins, however, are western (i.e. from the Land of Israel), and the Talmudic tradition attributes its authorship to Jonathan ben Uzziel. Its overall style is very similar to that of Targum Onkelos, though at times it seems to be a looser paraphrase. The original language of Targum Jonathan is Aramaic. This edition is English. In Talmudic times (and to this day in Yemenite Jewish communities) Targum Jonathan was read as a verse-by-verse translation alternatively with the Hebrew verses of the haftarah in the synagogue. Thus, when the Talmud states that "a person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once" (Berakhot 8a-b), the passage may be taken to refer to Targum Jonathan (as well as to Targum Onkelos on the Torah).

The title accurately designates the Palestinian provenance of this Aramaic version of the Torah (though "Jerusalemite" should not be taken literally, since the city of Jerusalem did not exist as a place of Jewith habitation at the time that this text was composed). In light of the discovery of many manuscripts containing similar works, it can be recognized that the Targum Yerushalmi that appears in the Mikra'ot Gedolot is but one representative of a larger family of Aramaic texts that are designated in the scholarly literature as "Fragmentary Targums." Dates: Although the known manuscripts of these Targums are from the 11th-13th century, it appears that their contents originated hundreds of years earlier. Place: Israel Description: The "Targum Yerushalmi" does not provide a complete Aramaic translation of the Torah, but is confined to specific verses (or sometimes just individual phrases or words). There is no evidence that this Targum was intended to provide alternative readings for one of the complete Targum texts.

Excerpt from The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch: With the Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum, From the Chaldee; Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy The holy Pentateuch opens with a sentence which combines the majesty and simplicity of a Divine oracle In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and th cart a sentence whose few but sublime words throw the first beam of light on the otherwise inscrutable mystery of existence, and lead us up to the foun tain and cause of created being, in God, its Author and End. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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