The interrelation among composition, microstructure, and properties of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric compounds is a major field of research for both scientific and technological reasons. As such, this book focuses on metal oxides, which present a large diversity of electrical, magnetic, optical, optoelectronic, thermal, electrochemical, and catalytic properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. By bringing together scientific contributions with special emphasis on the interrelations between materials chemistry, processing, microstructures, and properties of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric metal oxides, this book highlights the importance of tightly integrating high-throughput experiments (including both synthesis and characterization) and efficient and robust theory for the design of advanced materials.

Nonstoichiometric Oxides discusses the thermodynamic and structural studies of nonstoichiometric oxides. This eight-chapter text also covers the defect-defect interactions in these compounds. The introductory chapters describe the thermodynamic properties of nonstoichiometric oxides in terms of defect complexes using the classical thermodynamic principles and from a statistical thermodynamics point of view. These chapters also include statistical thermodynamic models that indicate the ordered nonstoichiometric phase range in these oxides. The subsequent chapters examine the transport properties, such as diffusion and electrical conductivity. Diffusion theories and experimental diffusion coefficients for several systems, as well as the electrical properties of the highly defective ionic and mixed oxide conductor, are specifically tackled in these chapters. The concluding chapters present the pertinent results obtained in nonstoichiometric oxide structural studies using high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray and neutron diffraction. Inorganic chemists and inorganic chemistry teachers and students will greatly appreciate this book.

The thermodynamics of the titanium-oxygen system was studied in the composition range of Ti3O5 to TiO2 at 1304K and the anion diffusion rates measured. There was no very marked trend in the diffusion coefficient with composition. A novel technique for studying oxidation/reduction mechanisms in transitional-metal oxides by direct observation in the electron microscope was developed. Studies of rutile-related systems were completed. It revealed the phenomenon of 'swinging CS planes, ' where by rotation of the CS plane direction a continuous sequence of fully ordered structures of varying composition is passible. Magnetic susceptibility of the titanium oxide systems were studied as a function of composition and temperature. The magnetic anisotropy of single crystals in the same composition range has been measured.

In the present work, in Part I, new elements widening the bases of the defects theory are shown; particularly, this work discusses the mechanism of the formation of defects as a result of elementary processes; the work also presents a description of the equilibrium state by one equation, taking into account the concentrations of defects and their changes during the process of reaching the equilibrium. The equation relates the concentrations of defects, dependent on the standard Gibbs energies of their formation, with the equilibrium pressure of oxygen. The obtained relations and the discussion have lead to the development of a method for determination of complete diagrams of concentrations of the point defects, which allows taking into account the minority defects. Part II presents the results of the calculations of the diagrams of point defects’ concentrations for a series of pure and doped oxides of transition metals 3d, with different composition (M/O ratio), crystallographic structure and point defects’ structure. A critical analysis of the results of the studies of the deviation from the stoichiometry and the electrical conductivity, obtained (so far) by most research groups has been also performed. A new interpretation of these results, concerning concentrations and types of ionic defects present has been performed and the mobility of electronic defects and its dependence on the temperature and oxygen pressure have been determined.

This book is an extended introductory treatise on the atomic scale structure and physicochemical properties of oxide melts (mainly silicates), from both the basic science and applied engineering points of view. It provides current experimental information on the structure of oxide melts and glasses as well as a convenient outline of their various physicochemical properties, including the subject of how structural data can be correlated with their macroscopic properties.The book also includes a fundamental introduction to the beneficial utilization of waste oxides largely arising from metal production around the world. This will be very useful for people working in the fields of metallurgy and environmental science. With more than 300 references, and numerous illustrations and tables, this book is a unique and valuable source of information and guidance for specialists and nonspecialists alike.

In this book the author presents an up-to-date summary of existing information on the structure, electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal oxides.The subjects covered in the book can be divided into three sections. The first (chapters 1 to 3) covers the structural, physical, magnetic, and electronic properties of transition metal oxides. Although the emphasis is on surface properties, relevant bulk properties are also discussed. The second section (chapters 4 to 7) covers surface chemical properties. It includes topics that describe the importance of surface coordinative unsaturation in adsorption, the formation of surface acidity and the role of acidity in determining surface chemical properties, the nature and reactivities of adsorbed oxygen, and the surface chemistry in the reduction of oxides. The third section (chapters 8 to 14) is on the catalytic properties. Various catalytic reactions including decomposition, hydrogenation, isomerization, metathesis, selective oxidation, and reactions involving carbon oxides are discussed. Emphasis is placed more on reaction mechanisms and the role of catalysts than on kinetics and processes. Chapters on the preparation of oxide catalysts and on photo-assisted processes are also included. Whenever appropriate, relationships between various topics are indicated.Written for surface physicists, chemists, and catalytic engineers, the book will serve as a useful source of information for investigators and as a comprehensive overview of the subject for graduate students.

An easy-to-read textbook linking together bond strength and the arrangement of atoms in space with the properties that they control.

This volume constitutes the Proceedings of the November 7-9, 1977 Conference on PROCESSING OF CRYSTALLINE CERAMICS, held at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. It was the Fourteenth in a series of "University Conferences on Ceramic Science" initiated in 1964 and still coordinated by a founding group of four ceramic related institutions, of which North Carolina State University is a charter member, along with the University of California at Berkeley, Notre Dame University, and the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University. In addition, two other ceramic-oriented schools, the University of Florida and Case-Western Reserve University, have also hosted Conferences in the series. These research-oriented conferences, each uniquely concerned with a timely ceramic theme, have been well attended by audiences which typically were both inter national and interdisciplinary in character; their published Proceedings have been well received and are frequently cited. This three day conference was concerned with (a) scientific aspects of all process steps which must be combined and controlled effectively and sequentially in producing crystalline ceramics (both oxides and nonoxides), and (b) utilization of these principles in developing processes for several classes of advanced ceramics critical to present and future technology.