Remarkable advances in cold fusion experiments have raised the hope for a safer and cheaper nuclear energy. The results, however, cannot be explained from the point of view of current physical understanding of nuclear fusion. This is an obstacle to endorsement and investment in this field. The research needs a supporting theory. The present book suggests a new approach for analysis of the results and offers practical recommendations based on the physical models of atomic nuclei derived in the BSM-Supergravitation Unified theory (BSM-SG). The book provides: (1) a method for analysis of the LENR experiments using the BSM-SG atomic models; (b) a selection of isotopes suitable for a more efficient energy yield with a minimum of radioactive byproducts; (c) practical considerations for selection of the technical method and the reaction environment.The BSM-SG theory is based on a concept of space that follows the view of Michael Faraday and the recommendations of James Maxwell about the properties of the envisioned space medium, known as Aether. The concept of an Aether (Ether) was abandoned in favor of the quantum mechanical formalism adopted in the first quarter of 20th century. However, Albert Einstein was against this approach and openly expressed his concerns after he developed General Relativity. In his monograph “Sidelights on relativity” (1921) he wrote: “To deny the ether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatever” (p.23) and “According to general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable” (p. 23).From our point of view, the major problem for recognition of the feasibility of LENR is the adopted quantum mechanical formalism. In quantum mechanics and particles physics, all elementary and subelementary particles are assumed spherical without any geometrical structure. Then the data interpretation of scattering experiments leads to a very small atomic nucleus on the order of a femtometer. This leads to a conclusion of a very strong Coulomb barrier that might be overcome only at temperatures of millions of degrees. The results from LENR experiments are in a sharp contrast to this consideration. According to BSM-SG theory, the physical models of protons and neutrons have superdense material structures with the shape of a folded and a twisted torus, respectively. They are much larger but thinner, so the Coulomb barrier also has a non-spherical shape and it is not so strong. The protons and neutrons are held in the nucleus by a Supergravitational (SG) field, which is behind the strong nuclear forces. The protons and neutrons in the atomic nuclei form three-dimensional fractal structures. The spatial geometry of the nuclear structures defines the row-column pattern of the periodic table with identifiable features of the valences, isotope stability, nuclear spin and chemical bond directions. The analysis leads to a hypothesis that the superdense nucleus causes a micro-curvature – a general relativistic effect around the nucleus. It has a feature of energy storage that corresponds to the mass deficit or nuclear binding energy expressed by Einstein's equation, E = mc^2. The fusion or fission reaction causes a small change of the micro-curvature, so the difference in the binding energy is released as gamma and particle radiation that is finally converted to heat.The analysis of some LENR experiments shows that the excited state of hydrogen and deuterium, known as the Rydberg state, facilitates some fusion reactions. According to BSM-SG, the Rydberg state is an ion-electron pair, with a finite size at the boundary of the SG field, while possessing a strong magnetic field due to the dominated magnetic moment of the electron. Additionally, the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron provides a constant driving momentum. When combined with a proper nuclear spin state of a selected heavier element, this momentum assists the magnetic field interactions, and this leads to nuclear fusion.

Nuclear structure Physics connects to some of our fundamental questions about the creation of universe and its basic constituents. At the same time, precise knowledge on the subject has lead to develop many important tools of human kind such as proton therapy, radioactive dating etc. This book contains chapters on some of the crucial and trending research topics in nuclear structure, including the nuclei lying on the extremes of spin, isospin and mass. A better theoretical understanding of these topics is important beyond the confines of the nuclear structure community. Additionally, the book will showcase the applicability and success of the different nuclear effective interaction parameters near the drip line, where hints for level reordering have already been seen, and where one can test the isospin-dependence of the interaction. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: • Nuclear Structure of Nuclei at or Near Drip-Lines • Synthesis challenges and properties of Superheavy nuclei • Nuclear Structure and Nuclear models - Ab-initio calculations, cluster models, Shell-model/DSM, RMF, Skyrme • Shell Closure, Magicity and other novel features of nuclei at extremes • Structure of Toroidal, Bubble Nuclei, halo and other exotic nuclei These topics are not only very interesting from theoretical nuclear physics perspective but are also quite complimentary for ongoing nuclear physics experimental program worldwide. It is hoped that the book chapters written by experienced and well known researchers/experts will be helpful for the master students, graduate students and researchers and serve as a standard & uptodate research reference book on the topics covered.

University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.

Covers all the phenomenological and experimental data on nuclear physics and demonstrates the latest experimental developments that can be obtained. Introduces modern theories of fundamental processes, in particular the electroweak standard model, without using the sophisticated underlying quantum field theoretical tools. Incorporates all major present applications of nuclear physics at a level that is both understandable by a majority of physicists and scientists of many other fields, and usefull as a first introduction for students who intend to pursue in the domain.

High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors' unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. - Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. - Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. - Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.

Fusion Reactor Design Provides a detailed overview of fusion reactor design, written by an international leader in the field Nuclear fusion—generating four times as much energy from the same mass of fuel as nuclear fission—is regarded by its proponents as a viable, eco-friendly alternative to gas-fired, coal-fired, and conventional power plants. Although the physics of nuclear fusion is essentially understood, the construction of prototype reactors currently presents significant technical challenges. Fusion Reactor Design: Plasma Physics, Fuel Cycle System, Operation and Maintenance provides a systematic, reader-friendly introduction to the characteristics, components, and critical systems of fusion reactors. Focusing on the experimental Tokamak reactor, this up-to-date resource covers relevant plasma physics, necessary technology, analysis methods, and the other aspects of fusion reactors. In-depth chapters include derivations of key formulas, figures highlighting physical and structural characteristics of fusion reactors, illustrative numerical calculations, practical design examples, and more. Designed to help researchers and engineers understand and overcome the technological difficulties in making fusion power a reality, this volume: Provides in-depth knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion and its large-scale application in both current fusion reactors and future test reactors Covers plasma analysis, plasma equilibrium and stability, and plasma transport and confinement, and safety considerations Explains each component of fusion reactors, including divertors, superconducting coils, plasma heating and current drive systems, and vacuum vessels Discusses safety aspects of fusion reactors as well as computational approaches to safety aspects of fusion reactors Fusion Reactor Design: Plasma Physics, Fuel Cycle System, Operation and Maintenance is required reading for undergraduate and graduate students studying plasma physics and fusion reactor technology, and an important reference for nuclear physicists, nuclear reactor manufacturers, and power engineers involved in fusion reactor research and advanced technology development.

A concise and current treatment of the subject of nuclear power safety, this work addresses itself to such issues of public concern as: radioactivity in routine effluents and its effect on human health and the environment, serious reactor accidents and their consequences, transportation accidents involving radioactive waste, the disposal of radioactive waste, particularly high-level wastes, and the possible theft of special nuclear materials and their fabrication into a weapon by terrorists. The implementation of the defense-in-depth concept of nuclear power safety is also discussed. Of interest to all undergraduate and graduate students of nuclear engineering, this work assumes a basic understanding of scientific and engineering principles and some familiarity with nuclear power reactors

This book, the first of a two-volume set, provides a comprehensive introduction to quantum mechanics for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students entering the field of nuclear structure studies via two-state systems: both polarized photons and spin-1/2 particles. This leads to the logic behind the physical structure and an axiomatic formulation using linear spaces and operators. The one-dimensional harmonic oscillator is used to illustrate the mechanics of quantized systems, reaching to time dependence and coherent states. Measurement theory is introduced. The transformation theory of space and time leads to wave functions. The role of group theory and rotations then leads to the quantization of angular momentum. Central force problems are handled algebraically. The development is completed with quantization of motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field. Part of IOP Series in Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure.

Broken up in to three sections, The Science of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon gives a unified explanation of all the significant data on the Cold Fusion Phenomena to date. It presents a history of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon (CFP), gives the fundamental experimental results of the CFP and presents a quantum mechanical treatment of physical problems associated with cold fusion. - Overviews the abundance of research and investigation that followed the 'cold fusion scandal' in 1989 - Explores the fundamental science behind the original Fleischmann experiment

Power production and its consumption and distribution are among the most urgent problems of mankind. Despite positive dynamics in introducing renewable sources of energy, nuclear power plants still remain the major source of carbon-free electric energy. Fusion can be an alternative to fission in the foreseeable future. Research in the field of controlled nuclear fusion has been ongoing for almost 100 years. Magnetic confinement systems are the most promising for effective implementation, and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is under construction in France. To accomplish nuclear fusion on Earth, we have to resolve a number of scientific and technological problems. This monograph includes selected chapters on nuclear physics and mechanical engineering within the scope of nuclear fusion.