Malicious cyber actors exploit gaps in technology and international cybersecurity cooperation to launch multistage, multi-jurisdictional attacks. Rather than consider technical attribution the challenge, a more accurate argument would be that "solutions to preventing the attacks of most concern, multistage multi-jurisdictional ones, will require not only technical methods, but legal/policy solutions as well." Deep understanding of the social, cultural, economic, and political dynamics of the nation-states where cyber threat actors operate is currently lacking. This project aims to develop a qualitative framework to guide US policy responses to states that are either origin or transit countries of cyber attacks. The current focus of attribution efforts within the national security context concentrates on law enforcement paradigms aiming to gather evidence to prosecute an individual attacker. This is usually dependent on technical means of attribution. In malicious cyber actions, spoofing or obfuscation of an identity most often occurs. It is not easy to know who conducts malicious cyber activity. But private sector reports have proven that it is possible to determine the geographic reference of threat actors to varying degrees. Executive Summary * Chapter 1 - Introduction * Chapter 2 - The Cyber Environment * A Holistic View of Cyberspace * Multistage, Multijurisdictional Attacks * Spoofing Machines to Mask Geography * Chapter 3 - American Sponsorship of Embryonic Global Norms * American Sponsorship of Global Norms * The Anti-trafficking-in-Persons Initiative * The Global Culture of Cybersecurity and Embryonic Norms for State Responsibility in Cyberspace * The Global Cybersecurity Behavioral Baseline * The WSIS and Global Cybersecurity * Internationally Wrongful Acts in Cyberspace * Chapter 4 - A Framework for Development, Diplomacy, and Defense * Development, Diplomacy, and Defense Responses * A Need for Norms on Cyber Weapons * Language for "Victims of Trafficking in Malicious Code" Legislation * Leading by Example: US-based Entities' Responsibility * Chapter 5 - Conclusion * "Where Do We Go from Here? * Linking It All Together * Abbreviations

Technical challenges are not a great hindrance to global cyber security cooperation; rather, a nation's lack of cybersecurity action plans that combine technology, management procedures, organizational structures, law, and human competencies into national security strategies are. Strengthening international partnerships to secure the cyber domain will require understanding the technical, legal, and defense challenges faced by our international partners. Identifying the gaps in international cooperation and their socioeconomic and political bases will provide the knowledge required to support our partners' cybersecurity and contribute to building a cyber environment less hospitable to misuse. It will also help US policy makers to determine the appropriate escalation of diplomatic and defensive responses to irresponsible countries in cyberspace. Further research and discussion will likely enable the timely development of the response framework for US sponsorship of sound global norms to guide global cybersecurity. This will also assist the US defense, diplomatic, and development communities in building consensus, leveraging resources to enhance global cybersecurity, and coordinating US global outreach to those countries most beset by cyber crime and conflict.

"What, exactly, is 'National Cyber Security'? The rise of cyberspace as a field of human endeavour is probably nothing less than one of the most significant developments in world history. Cyberspace already directly impacts every facet of human existence including economic, social, cultural and political developments, and the rate of change is not likely to stop anytime soon. However, the socio-political answers to the questions posed by the rise of cyberspace often significantly lag behind the rate of technological change. One of the fields most challenged by this development is that of 'national security'. The National Cyber Security Framework Manual provides detailed background information and in-depth theoretical frameworks to help the reader understand the various facets of National Cyber Security, according to different levels of public policy formulation. The four levels of government--political, strategic, operational and tactical/technical--each have their own perspectives on National Cyber Security, and each is addressed in individual sections within the Manual. Additionally, the Manual gives examples of relevant institutions in National Cyber Security, from top-level policy coordination bodies down to cyber crisis management structures and similar institutions."--Page 4 of cover.

The world is being transformed physically and politically. Technology is the handmaiden of much of this change. But since the current sweep of global change is transforming the face of warfare, Special Operations Forces (SOF) must adapt to these circumstances. Fortunately, adaptation is in the SOF DNA. This book examines the changes affecting SOF and offers possible solutions to the complexities that are challenging many long-held assumptions. The chapters explore what has changed, what stays the same, and what it all means for U.S. SOF. The authors are a mix of leading experts in technology, business, policy, intelligence, and geopolitics, partnered with experienced special operators who either cowrote the chapters or reviewed them to ensure accuracy and relevance for SOF. Our goal is to provide insights into the changes around us and generate ideas about how SOF can adapt and succeed in the emerging operational environment.

Explains how existing and proposed law seek to tackle challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in war and peace.

The power of the commons as a free, fair system of provisioning and governance beyond capitalism, socialism, and other -isms. From co-housing and agroecology to fisheries and open-source everything, people around the world are increasingly turning to 'commoning' to emancipate themselves from a predatory market-state system. Free, Fair, and Alive presents a foundational re-thinking of the commons — the self-organized social system that humans have used for millennia to meet their needs. It offers a compelling vision of a future beyond the dead-end binary of capitalism versus socialism that has almost brought the world to its knees. Written by two leading commons activists of our time, this guide is a penetrating cultural critique, table-pounding political treatise, and practical playbook. Highly readable and full of colorful stories, coverage includes: Internal dynamics of commoning How the commons worldview opens up new possibilities for change Role of language in reorienting our perceptions and political strategies Seeing the potential of commoning everywhere. Free, Fair, and Alive provides a fresh, non-academic synthesis of contemporary commons written for a popular, activist-minded audience. It presents a compelling narrative: that we can be free and creative people, govern ourselves through fair and accountable institutions, and experience the aliveness of authentic human presence.

Professionalism is arguably more important in some occupations than in others. It is vital in some because of the life and death decisions that must be made, for example in medicine. In others the rapidly changing nature of the occupation makes efficient regulation difficult and so the professional behaviour of the practitioners is central to the good functioning of that occupation. The core idea behind this book is that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is changing so quickly that professional behaviour of its practitioners is vital because regulation will always lag behind.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental security of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and touching on cyber-physical systems in general. Careful attention is given to providing the reader with clear and comprehensive background and reference material for each topic pertinent to ICS security. This book offers answers to such questions as: Which specific operating and security issues may lead to a loss of efficiency and operation? What methods can be used to monitor and protect my system? How can I design my system to reduce threats?This book offers chapters on ICS cyber threats, attacks, metrics, risk, situational awareness, intrusion detection, and security testing, providing an advantageous reference set for current system owners who wish to securely configure and operate their ICSs. This book is appropriate for non-specialists as well. Tutorial information is provided in two initial chapters and in the beginnings of other chapters as needed. The book concludes with advanced topics on ICS governance, responses to attacks on ICS, and future security of the Internet of Things.

A history of the rise and fall of Sloanist mass production, and a survey of the new economy emerging from the ruins: networked local manufacturing, garage industry, household microenterprises and resilient local economies.

This new text provides students the knowledge and skills they will need to compete for and succeed in the information security roles they will encounter straight out of college. This is accomplished by providing a hands-on immersion in essential system administration, service and application installation and configuration, security tool use, TIG implementation and reporting. It is designed for an introductory course on IS Security offered usually as an elective in IS departments in 2 and 4 year schools. It is not designed for security certification courses.