The occurrence of the ice age left BC, Canada approximately 20,000 centuries ago. Scientific research estimates that the earth’s orbit and carbon dioxide helped end the ice age. The rising of carbon dioxide helped raise ocean levels which raised sea levels. All of these actions helped end the ice age. As the glaciers melted, plant life resurged; animals began the migration north, sea life emerged. People followed life forms north; they began to search for the lands they had heard of in legends and stories passed down by the ancestors. In the migration north in search of food; freedom to live life in peace and harmony and live in a mild climate, Squamish ancestors continued their search over several generations. Some people settled in North West area of the United States. Young people developed a wanderlust, and a large group continued north.

In 1931, Mazie Antone was born into the Squamish Nation, a community caught between its traditional values of respect--for the land, the family and the band--and the secular, capitalistic legislation imposed by European settlers. When she was six, the police carried her off to St. Paul's Indian Residential School, as mandated by the 1920 Indian Act. There, she endured months of beatings, malnourishment and lice infestations before her family collected Mazie and her siblings and fled across the border. After the war, the family return to their home on the Capilano Reserve and Mazie began working at a cannery where she packed salmon for eleven years. Mazie married Alvie Baker, and together they raised nine children, but the legacy of residential school for Mazie and her generation meant they were alienated from their culture and language. Eventually Mazie reconnected with her Squamish identity and she began to mourn the loss of the old style of government by councils of hereditary chiefs and to criticize the corruption in the band leadership created in 1989 by federal legislation. Galvanized by the injustices she saw committed against and within her community--especially against indigenous women, who were denied status and property rights--she began a long career of advocacy. She fought for housing for families in need; she pushed for transparency in local government; she defended ancestral lands; she shone a bright light into the darkest political corners. Her family called her ch'sken: Golden Eagle. This intimate biography of a community leader illuminates a difficult, unresolved chapter of Canadian history and paints a portrait of a resilient and principled woman who faced down her every political foe, unflinching, irreverent, and uncompromising.

"These legends (with two or three exceptions) were told to me personally by my honored friend, the late Chief Joe Capilano, of Vancouver, whom I had the privilege of first meeting in London in 1906, when he visited England and was received at Buckingham Palace by their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. To the fact that I was able to greet Chief Capilano in the Chinook tongue, while we were both many thousands of miles from home, I owe the friendship and the confidence which he so freely gave me when I came to reside on the Pacific coast. These legends he told me from time to time, just as the mood possessed him, and he frequently remarked that they had never been revealed to any other English-speaking person save myself."--Author's pref.

National Book Critics Circle Award—2017 Nonfiction Finalist “Nothing less than a tour de force—a heady amalgam of science, history, a little bit of anthropology and plenty of nuanced, captivating storytelling.”—The New York Times Book Review, Editor's Choice A National Geographic Best Book of 2017 In our unique genomes, every one of us carries the story of our species—births, deaths, disease, war, famine, migration, and a lot of sex. But those stories have always been locked away—until now. Who are our ancestors? Where did they come from? Geneticists have suddenly become historians, and the hard evidence in our DNA has blown the lid off what we thought we knew. Acclaimed science writer Adam Rutherford explains exactly how genomics is completely rewriting the human story—from 100,000 years ago to the present.

Spectacular imagery adorns this fascinating anthology of the Lil'wat, Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh First Nations stories and legends. The book is a unique commemorative collection that celebrates the four host First Nations whose ancestral territories provided a stunning setting for the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Learn about these distinct yet connected nations through sacred legends and traditions that have been perpetuated in the oral tradition and appear in print together for the first time.

In The Black Shoals Tiffany Lethabo King uses the shoal—an offshore geologic formation that is neither land nor sea—as metaphor, mode of critique, and methodology to theorize the encounter between Black studies and Native studies. King conceptualizes the shoal as a space where Black and Native literary traditions, politics, theory, critique, and art meet in productive, shifting, and contentious ways. These interactions, which often foreground Black and Native discourses of conquest and critiques of humanism, offer alternative insights into understanding how slavery, anti-Blackness, and Indigenous genocide structure white supremacy. Among texts and topics, King examines eighteenth-century British mappings of humanness, Nativeness, and Blackness; Black feminist depictions of Black and Native erotics; Black fungibility as a critique of discourses of labor exploitation; and Black art that rewrites conceptions of the human. In outlining the convergences and disjunctions between Black and Native thought and aesthetics, King identifies the potential to create new epistemologies, lines of critical inquiry, and creative practices.

This poignant and powerful collection of short stories provides revealing glimpses into the life experiences of an Aboriginal woman, a university professor, an activist and a single mother. With lyrical eloquence, Lee Maracle takes the reader on a deeply stirring and emotional journey that is at times humorous and heart-wrenching but not soon to be forgotten.

An accessible history of the Squamish people, by the Squamish nation, tracing their story from ancient times to today, and looking ahead to their future. Drawing on firsthand resources and interviews, the book includes story-telling from elders and ancestors to tell history in their own words. The book is backed up with archival materials like band council resolutions and photographs, along with anthropological and archeological research, oral history, media, academic work, art and other works about and by Squamish Peoples. Texts and images alike tell the story. Squamish readers will feel pride in our history and there will be invaluable community benefits to having resources collected in one place. Non-Squamish readers will gain valuable insight into our history.