This book gives a practical introduction to the B specification language and method, an approach to the development of high-quality software using rigorous CASE techniques.It is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, in addition to being an introduction for industrial practitioners. Extensive examples of all development life-cycle stages are given, including animation, proof, design and code generation in C. Two large case studies and exercises with solutions are provided.The authors have extensive experience in teaching B and in its industrial application to high integrity systems. The book uses the B Toolkit to support the text, but it is also relevant to users of alternative toolsets for B.

The papers in this volume address the general question what type of lexical specifications we need in a generative grammar and by what principles this information is projected onto syntactic configurations, or to put it differently, how lexical insertion is executed. Many of the contributions focus on what the syntactic consequences are of choices that are made with respect to the lexical specifications of heads. The data in the volume are drawn from diverse languages, among which: Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Dutch, English, French, German, Icelandic, Italian, Mohawk, Norwegian, Polish, Russian.

Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification addresses formal description techniques (FDTs) applicable to distributed systems and communication protocols. It aims to present the state of the art in theory, application, tools and industrialization of FDTs. Among the important features presented are: FDT-based system and protocol engineering; FDT-application to distributed systems; Protocol engineering; Practical experience and case studies. Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification comprises the proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing, held in November 1998, Paris, France. Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on Distributed Systems or Communications, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Suitable for both Foundation and Higher students, this textbook follows the structure and content of AQA B from September 2001. It integrates key skills and ICT as well as geographical skills. Summary sections at the end of each chapter focus students on revision and exam practice.

This book provides foundations for software specification and formal software development from the perspective of work on algebraic specification, concentrating on developing basic concepts and studying their fundamental properties. These foundations are built on a solid mathematical basis, using elements of universal algebra, category theory and logic, and this mathematical toolbox provides a convenient language for precisely formulating the concepts involved in software specification and development. Once formally defined, these notions become subject to mathematical investigation, and this interplay between mathematics and software engineering yields results that are mathematically interesting, conceptually revealing, and practically useful. The theory presented by the authors has its origins in work on algebraic specifications that started in the early 1970s, and their treatment is comprehensive. This book contains five kinds of material: the requisite mathematical foundations; traditional algebraic specifications; elements of the theory of institutions; formal specification and development; and proof methods. While the book is self-contained, mathematical maturity and familiarity with the problems of software engineering is required; and in the examples that directly relate to programming, the authors assume acquaintance with the concepts of functional programming. The book will be of value to researchers and advanced graduate students in the areas of programming and theoretical computer science.

This informative volume presents an applications-oriented approach to specification writing and management -- focusing on real-world examples and issues that can be used by all industries, regardless of size or type. Filling a gap in the literature, Specification Writing and Management covers the latest technological developments in the field ... identifies major unsuspected problems in the use of specification ... shows new insight into management-level thinking about specifications within the context of a total system ... supplies case studies of actual problems and their proven solutions ... discusses specification faults, such as inconsistency in the use of words and phrases, and contradictory statements and ideas ... examines the control procedure for procurement specifications ... plus more. Specification Writing and Management is essential reading for all quality control, reliability, standards, and specifications engineers; quality control specialists; federal, state, and local inspection and quality agency personnel; and undergraduate students in quality control and reliability courses. Book jacket.

Written to meet the requirements of geography GCSE AQA/B, this revision guide includes exam practice questions and answers, practical help with revising skills and data analysis, and offers guidance on how to approach the skills paper, with practice questions and answers.