Quantum Computation in Solid State Systems discusses experimental implementation of quantum computing for information processing devices; in particular observations of quantum behavior in several solid state systems are presented. The complementary theoretical contributions provide models of minimizing decoherence in the different systems. Most recent theoretical and experimental results on macroscopic quantum coherence of mesoscopic systems, as well as the realization of solid-state qubits and quantum gates are discussed. Particular attention is given to coherence effects in Josephson devices. Other solid state systems---including quantum dots, optical, ion, and spin devices---are also discussed.

The IWSSQC 2008 covered all aspects of solid-state implementations for quantum information processing, and topics that were addressed included both theoretical and experimental attempts. The specific topics covered in these proceedings include superconducting circuit QED, quantum measurement of solid-state qubits, entanglement in solid-state devices, semiconductor donor spin quantum computing, decoherence and disentanglement in quantum open systems, and mesoscopic electron transport. It provides a unique opportunity for experts and beginners to gain insight into the rapidly growing field of Quantum Information Science. It is also useful as a reference book for graduate students and researchers in physics and engineering.

This book on solid state physics has been written with an emphasis on recent developments in quantum many-body physics approaches. It starts by covering the classical theory of solids and electrons and describes how this classical model has failed. The authors then present the quantum mechanical model of electrons in a lattice and they also discuss the theory of conductivity. Extensive reviews on the topic are provided in a compact manner so that any non-specialist can follow from the beginning.The authors cover the system of magnetism in a similar way and various problems in magnetic materials are discussed. The book also discusses the Ising chain, the Heisenberg model, the Kondo effect and superconductivity, amongst other relevant topics.In the final chapter, the authors present some works related to contemporary research topics, such as quantum entanglement in many-body systems and quantum simulations. They also include a short review of some of the possible applications of solid state quantum information in biological systems.

Quantum Computation in Solid State Systems discusses experimental implementation of quantum computing for information processing devices; in particular observations of quantum behavior in several solid state systems are presented. The complementary theoretical contributions provide models of minimizing decoherence in the different systems. Most recent theoretical and experimental results on macroscopic quantum coherence of mesoscopic systems, as well as the realization of solid-state qubits and quantum gates are discussed. Particular attention is given to coherence effects in Josephson devices. Other solid state systems---including quantum dots, optical, ion, and spin devices---are also discussed.

Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.

As a continuation of classical condensed matter physics texts, this graduate textbook introduces advanced topics of correlated electron systems, mesoscopic transport,quantum computing, optical excitations and topological insulators. The book is focusing on an intuitive understanding of the basic concepts of these rather complex subjects.

We have developed and investigated models of realization of quantum computing in solid-state semiconductor heterostructures, and explored decoherence properties of relevance in evaluation of quantum-computing systems. Quantum bits (qubits) are nuclear or outer bound electron spins in donor atoms embedded in the zero-spin host material, which could be an isotope of Si. In order to accomplish control of each qubit and also have controlled qubit-qubit interactions, we consider exchange of electrons, either bound or in two-dimensional electron gas. Our emphasis has been on spin-excitons that form in the electron gas in heterostructures under quantum Hall effect conditions: at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. Their spectral gap causes slow relaxation and decoherence, while still allowing controlled qubit-qubit interactions at qubit separations of order 100 nm. We have carried detailed many-body perturbative calculations of qubit interactions and decoherence in such systems. We have also obtained results promoting general understanding of quantum decoherence and measurement processes, within the setting appropriate for quantum computing applications.

Nanomagnetism is a rapidly expanding area of research which appears to be able to provide novel applications. Magnetic molecules are at the very bottom of the possible size of nanomagnets and they provide a unique opportunity to observe the coexistence of classical and quantum properties. The discovery in the early 90's that a cluster comprising twelve manganese ions shows hysteresis of molecular origin, and later proved evidence of quantum effects, opened a new research area which is still flourishing through the collaboration of chemists and physicists. This book is the first attempt to cover in detail the new area of molecular nanomagnetism, for which no other book is available. In fact research and review articles, and book chapters are the only tools available for newcomers and the experts in the field. It is written by the chemists originators and by a theorist who has been one of the protagonists of the development of the field, and is explicitly addressed to an audience of chemists and physicists, aiming to use a language suitable for the two communities.

The result of a lecture series, this textbook is oriented towards students and newcomers to the field and discusses theoretical foundations as well as experimental realizations in detail. The authors are experienced teachers and have tailored this book to the needs of students. They present the basics of quantum communication and quantum information processing, leading readers to modern technical implementations. In addition, they discuss errors and decoherence as well as methods of avoiding and correcting them.

Building on the earlier edition it now encapsulates the substantial developments that have been made in supersymmetric quantum mechanics in recent years. Aimed at graduate students and scientists this book provides a thorough review supersymmetric quantum mechanics and now includes problems and solutions.