This book is a practical resource designed for clinicians, researchers, and advanced students who wish to learn about single-case research designs. It covers the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of single-case designs, as well as their practical application in the clinical and research neurorehabilitation setting. The book briefly traces the history of single-case experimental designs (SCEDs); outlines important considerations in understanding and planning a scientifically rigorous single-case study, including internal and external validity; describes prototypical single-case designs (withdrawal-reversal designs and the medical N-of-1 trial, multiple-baseline designs, alternating-treatments designs, and changing-criterion designs) and required features to meet evidence standards, threats to internal validity, and strategies to address them; addresses data evaluation, covering visual analysis of graphed data, statistical techniques, and clinical significance; and provides a practical ten-step procedure for implementing single-case methods. Each chapter includes detailed illustrative examples from the neurorehabilitation literature. Novel features include: A focus on the neurorehabilitation setting, which is particularly suitable for single-case designs because of the complex and often unique presentation of many patients/clients. A practical approach to the planning, implementation, data analysis, and reporting of single-case designs. An appendix providing a detailed summary of many recently published SCEDs in representative domains in the neurorehabilitation field, covering basic and instrumental activities of daily living, challenging behaviours, disorders of communication and cognition, mood and emotional functions, and motor-sensory disabilities. It is valuable reading for clinicians and researchers in several disciplines working in rehabilitation, including clinical and neuropsychology, education, language and speech pathology, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. It is also an essential resource for advanced students in these fields who need a textbook for specialised courses on research methodology and use of single-case design in applied clinical and research settings.

This book is a practical guide to help researchers draw valid causal inferences from small-scale clinical intervention studies. It should be of interest to teachers of, and students in, courses with an experimental clinical component, as well as clinical researchers. Inferential statistics used in the analysis of group data are frequently invalid for use with data from single-case experimental designs. Even non-parametric rank tests provide, at best, approximate solutions for only some single-case (and small-n ) designs. Randomization (Exact) tests, on the other hand, can provide valid statistical analyses for all designs that incorporate a random procedure for assigning treatments to subjects or observation periods, including single-case designs. These Randomization tests require large numbers of data rearrangements and have been seldom used, partly because desktop computers have only recently become powerful enough to complete the analyses in a reasonable time. Now that the necessary computational power is available, they continue to be under-used because they receive scant attention in standard statistical texts for behavioral researchers and because available programs for running the analyses are relatively inaccessible to researchers with limited statistical or computing interest. This book is first and foremost a practical guide, although it also presents the theoretical basis for Randomization tests. Its most important aim is to make these tests accessible to researchers for a wide range of designs. It does this by providing programs on CD-ROM that allow users to run analyses of their data within a standard package (Minitab, Excel, or SPSS) with which they are already familiar. No statistical or computing expertise is required to use these programs. This is the "new stats" for single-case and small-n intervention studies, and anyone interested in this research approach will benefit.

"In this chapter you will learn how to measure target behaviors and use Excel or other software to record and edit client data. You will then be able to import these data into R and use the SSD for R functions to analyze them. The first part of this chapter will focus on the types of data you will want to record and some common issues related to collecting these. While an overview of this material is covered in this chapter, additional resources that include these topics in-depth are listed in Appendix D. The second part of this chapter will show you how to use Excel or another spreadsheet program to quickly and effectively record these data"--

"Research in the Schools: Advancing the Evidence-Base for the School Counseling Profession provides accessible and actionable strategies for conducting school counseling research with a focus on student outcomes. Organized to support new research from the starting point of collaborative relationships with school partners and the ethical and developmental considerations of this kind of work, the text thoughtfully provides a pathway for moving through the multiple measurement and design decisions that are part of meaningful and impactful research. Each chapter provides practical details and tangible applications, as well as extensive resources and relevant examples. Anyone interested in conducting research that provides the school counseling profession with nuanced, rich information about how to best support student development, that creates truly equitable opportunities for all youth, and that moves the profession forward will find this book useful and engaging"--

Researchers often have difficulties collecting enough data to test their hypotheses, either because target groups are small or hard to access, or because data collection entails prohibitive costs. Such obstacles may result in data sets that are too small for the complexity of the statistical model needed to answer the research question. This unique book provides guidelines and tools for implementing solutions to issues that arise in small sample research. Each chapter illustrates statistical methods that allow researchers to apply the optimal statistical model for their research question when the sample is too small. This essential book will enable social and behavioral science researchers to test their hypotheses even when the statistical model required for answering their research question is too complex for the sample sizes they can collect. The statistical models in the book range from the estimation of a population mean to models with latent variables and nested observations, and solutions include both classical and Bayesian methods. All proposed solutions are described in steps researchers can implement with their own data and are accompanied with annotated syntax in R. The methods described in this book will be useful for researchers across the social and behavioral sciences, ranging from medical sciences and epidemiology to psychology, marketing, and economics.

The second edition of the handbook reflects the expanding growth and sophistication in research on student engagement. Editorial scope and coverage are significantly expanded in the new edition, including numerous new chapters that address such topics as child and adolescent well-being, resilience, and social-emotional learning as well as extending student engagement into the realm of college attendance and persistence. In addition to its enhanced focus on student engagement as a means for promoting positive youth development, all original chapters have been extensively revised and updated, including those focusing on such foundational topics related to student engagement as motivation, measurement, high school dropout, school reform, and families. Key areas of coverage include: Demography and structural barriers to student engagement. Developmental and social contexts of student engagement. Student engagement and resilience. Engaging students through effective academic instruction and classroom management. Social-emotional learning and student mental health and physical well-being. Student engagement across the globe, languages, and cultures. The second edition of the Handbook of Research on Student Engagement is the definitive resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and clinicians as well as graduate students in such varied fields as clinical child and school psychology, social work, public health, educational psychology, teaching and teacher education, educational policy, and all interrelated disciplines.

In this anticipated new edition of Single Case Research Methodology, David L. Gast and Jennifer R. Ledford detail why and how to apply standard principles of single case research methodology to one’s own research or professional project. Using numerous and varied examples, they demonstrate how single case research can be used for research in behavioral and school psychology, special education, speech and communication sciences, language and literacy, occupational therapy, and social work. This thoroughly updated new edition features two entirely new chapters on measurement systems and controversial issues in single subject research, in addition to sample data sheets, graphic displays, and detailed guidelines for conducting visual analysis of graphic data. This book will be an important resource to student researchers, practitioners, and university faculty who are interested in answering applied research questions and objectively evaluating educational and clinical practices.

This empirically based book provides conceptual knowledge and practical advice to enable clinicians to implement evidence-based methods drawn from learning theory for managing the catastrophic effects of challenging behaviour as an enduring outcome of acquired brain injury (ABI). Based on a conceptual framework of neurobehavioural disability, the book takes a holistic case formulation approach, incorporating functional assessment procedures arising from the operant learning tradition that underpins the design of treatment interventions. It bridges the knowledge gap in uniquely providing a single resource to enable practitioners to implement evidence-based methods to better manage ABI behaviour disorders. The authors, who are leading experts in the field, have described a model of intervention based on a functional analytic approach to understanding behaviour within an operant learning framework. The chapters provide a step-by-step approach to assessment, formulation, intervention and evaluation of behaviour support plans, and feature examples for specific challenging behaviours in a variety of different contexts. The book is organised to support the use of this model through expert contributions concerning the origins of challenging behaviour, assessment methods and formulation, and interventions. The practical orientation of this book makes it an indispensable read for neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists and other rehabilitation specialists involved in the care of people with ABI as well as researchers in these fields.

Gain a thorough understanding of the entire research process – developing ideas, selecting methods, analyzing and communicating results – in this fully revised and updated textbook. The sixth edition comprises the latest developments in the field, including the use of technology and web-based methods to conduct studies, the role of robots and artificial intelligence in designing and evaluating research, and the importance of diversity in research to inform results that reflect the society we live in. Designed to inspire the development of future research processes, this is the perfect textbook for graduate students and professionals in research methods and research design in clinical psychology.