This highly detailed reference represents an elaborate development of the theory of processing oil and natural gas and its application in the field -- indispensable for graduate engineering students and professionals alike. The renowned expert author, a professor at Moscow State University, has ample experience in both lecturing and publishing, albeit in the Russian language. This book is thus the first to provide a translation compiling his extensive knowledge, much of which remained unpublished due to security restrictions in the former Soviet Union. Based upon and compiled from Professor Sinaiski's university lectures, the first chapters treat the technical facilities for preparing and processing natural hydrocarbon substances. The following systematic approach go on to explain the behaviors of fluids, gases and droplets separately for solutions, suspensions and emulsions, as well as for gas-liquid mixtures. The resulting work is of interest both for senior students as well as for engineers working in this field.

Im Zentrum vieler Debatten zum Klimawandel steht die Diskrepanz zwischen dem weltweit wachsenden Energieverbrauch auf der einen und der Begrenztheit fossiler Ressourcen auf der anderen Seite. Erneuerbare Energien werden immer wieder als Schlüssel zur Lösung dieses Problems benannt. Doch beurteilen, ob und in welchem Umfang sie dies wirklich sind, kann man nur auf der Grundlage fundierter Informationen. Genau diese bietet der vorliegende Band. Die Autoren, führende Experten ihres Fachs, erklären verständlich, wie sich aus Wind und Sonne Energie gewinnen lässt, wie geothermische Energie nutzbar gemacht werden kann oder wie Wellenkraftwerke funktionieren. Die Herausgeber, beide Autoren der Zeitschrift "Physik in unserer Zeit", möchten mit diesem Buch das Fundament für einen kompetenten und ideologiefreien Austausch zu diesem so wichtigen Thema legen. Für die englischsprachige Ausgabe wurden dem Original einige Beiträge hinzugefügt, die solche mit einem Fokus auf Deutschland und Europa ersetzen.

Written by experienced practitioners and teachers, this concise and comprehensive treatment on particulate flow covers both the theory as well as applications and examples from the oil and chemical industry. Following a look at the basic concepts of probability theory, the authors goe on to examine the elements of microhydrodynamics, Brownian motion, and real liquids in turbulent flow. Of interest for lecturers in physics, theoretical physicists and chemists, as well as chemical engineers.

This book deals with the problems of the thermodynamics of systems containing flexible-chain polymers as the basis of polymer material science. The main thermodynamic quantities and concepts are introduced and discussed in the order of the objects getting more and more complicated: gases, magnets, low-molecular-weight substances and mixtures, and finally, polymers and polymer blends.All topics are considered in a common clue, using the principle of universality. The stability conditions for the one-phase state of multi-component systems are given. Phase separation is regarded as a result of loss in stability. The critical state of a system, with the one-phase state being close to the boundary of stability conditions breaking, is discussed in detail. The effects of both light scattering (elastic and dynamic) and diffusion, as directly depending on the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the one-phase state stability, are considered in detail. One of the versions of colloid scattering, namely, the turbidity spectrum method, is described as useful for the characterization of various heterogeneous structures and for the phase analysis of polymer systems. In the approximation of mean field theories and advanced field theory, formalisms expound the following divisions of the thermodynamics of binary and polynary systems with flexible-chain polymers: conformation of the polymer coil, composition fluctuations, elastic and dynamic light scattering, diffusion in the one-phase state (including the critical range), phase separation, polymer fractionation, the coil-globule transition, phase equilibrium and separation in the system network polymer + low-molecular-weight liquid, polymer blends and multiphase separation.

Miniaturization has cost and time-saving advantages for numerous applications in chemistry, pharmacy, medicine and biotechnology. Additionally, microreaction technology offers new solutions for the automobile industry and environmental technology, e.g. fuel cells, or mobile sensor systems for on-the-spot analysis. Therefore, the 3rd International Conference on Microreaction Technology - IMRET 3 is an important forum for creating awareness of the wide variety of the new trends in this up-and-coming discipline.

Liquid multiphase processes represent a promising option for realizing novel, efficient, and sustainable production processes, as required for the transformation towards climate-neutral manufacturing processes. This volume presents the results obtained over twelve years in the DFG-funded collaborative project Transregio 63 “Integrated Chemical Processes in Liquid Multiphase Systems”. In an interdisciplinary approach to the design and operation of such processes, essential principles of Green Chemistry are realized, such as using long-chain olefins as model representatives of renewable raw materials, highly effi cient catalysts, and green solvents, linked with process optimization to improve energy and material efficiency. Experts from different fields addressed all steps of the development process, from the description of the reactions on the molecular level via thermodynamics and the design of efficient separation processes to the operation of entire miniplants for liquid multiphase production processes. Thus, the complete development chain from the first reaction-related investigations in the laboratory to the technological realization in miniplants with model-based control is demonstrated. Numerous methodological innovations are proposed and validated using several innovative phase systems (thermomorphic multiphase systems, microemulsion systems, Pickering emulsions) and homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Engineers and chemists from the chemical industry as well as advanced students and researchers will get valuable insights into the physico-chemical phenomena in chemical multiphase processes and benefit from recommendations concerning methods for the selection of phase systems and rapid model-based process development.

This comprehensive handbook presents fundamental aspects, fabrication techniques, introductory materials on microbiology and chemistry, measurement techniques, and applications of microfluidics and nanofluidics. The second volume focuses on topics related to experimental and numerical methods. It also covers fabrication and applications in a variety of areas, from aerospace to biological systems. Reflecting the inherent nature of microfluidics and nanofluidics, the book includes as much interdisciplinary knowledge as possible. It provides the fundamental science background for newcomers and advanced techniques and concepts for experienced researchers and professionals.

A comprehensive, two-volume handbook on Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, this text covers fundamental aspects, fabrication techniques, introductory materials on microbiology and chemistry, measurement techniques, and applications with special emphasis on the energy sector. Each chapter begins with introductory coverage to a subject and then narrows in on advanced techniques and concepts, thus making it valuable to students and practitioners. The author pays special attention to applications of microfluidics in the energy sector and provides insight into the world of opportunities nanotechnology has to offer. Figures, tables, and equations to illustrate concepts.

Multiphase polymeric systems include a wide range of materials such as composites, blends, alloys, gels, and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). A one-stop reference on multiphase polymer systems, this book fully covers the preparation, properties, and applications of advanced multiphase systems from macro to nano scales. Edited by well-respected academics in the field of multiphase polymer systems, the book includes contributions from leading international experts. An essential resource for plastic and rubber technologists, filler specialists and researchers in fields studying thermal and electrical properties.