"Wow. What a book and what an undertaking. This should be a must-read for the most exacting fly fisherman. I would guess that it will be one of the most important reference volumes ever written. It should be read and re-read many times."--Ed Shenk, author of Ed Shenk's Fly Rod Trouting • Strategies for fooling tough fish in all types of environs, from tailwaters to spring creeks to Gaspe salmon streams • Breathtaking photos from the top streams around the world • Hundreds of innovative fly patterns with recipes and notes

"Wow. What a book and what an undertaking. This should be a must-read for the most exacting fly fisherman. I would guess that it will be one of the most important reference volumes ever written. It should be read and re-read many times."--Ed Shenk, author of Ed Shenk's Fly Rod Trouting • Strategies for fooling tough fish in all types of environs, from tailwaters to spring creeks to Gaspe salmon streams • Breathtaking color photos from the top streams around the world • Hundreds of innovative fly patterns with recipes and notes

The aim of this Workshop on "Selectivity in Chemical Reactions" was to examine the specific preferences exhibited by simple chemical reactions with regards to reagents having particular energy states, symmetries, alignment and orientation and the resulting formation of certain products with their corresponding energies, states, alignment and polarisation. Such problems come close to the ultimate goal of reaction dynamics of being able to determine experimentally and theoretically state-to-state cross sections and stereochemical effects under well defined and characterised conditions. There are many examples of highly selective and specific processes to be found in atmospheric and combustion chemistry and the production of population inversions amongst vibrational and electronic states lies at the heart of the development of chemical laser systems. Only when we can understand the fundamental processes that underlie the selectivity in the formation of products in a chemical reaction and the specific requirements of initial states of the reagents, can we expect to be able to develop the explanatory and predictive tools necessary to apply the subject to the development of new laser systems, efficient combustion schemes and specific methods of chemical synthesis, to the control of atmospheric pollution and to all problems in which it is necessary to direct the outcome of a chemical reaction in a specific way. The brief given to the Workshop was to critically review the field, to discuss the present limitations and difficulties and to identify new directions.

Selectivity is an increasingly important part of organic synthesis. The whole basis of organic chemistry, and especially organic synthesis, depends upon the selectivity which can be achieved in organic reactions. This concise textbook describes the strategies which can be adopted to improve selectivity, and the reactions which have been specially designed to afford high selectivity. The aim is to illustrate the range of processes to which these principles can be applied and the high degree of selectivity which can be achieved. Selectivity in Organic Synthesis aims to provide a solid introduction to this subject, focusing on the key areas and applications.

Despite the educational and professional advances made by minorities in recent decades, African Americans remain woefully underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, mathematics, and engineering. Even at its peak, in 2000, African American representation in engineering careers reached only 5.7 percent, while blacks made up 15 percent of the U.S. population. Some forty-five years after the Civil Rights Act sought to eliminate racial differences in education and employment, what do we make of an occupational pattern that perpetually follows the lines of race? Race, Rigor, and Selectivity in U.S. Engineering pursues this question and its ramifications through historical case studies. Focusing on engineering programs in three settings--in Maryland, Illinois, and Texas, from the 1940s through the 1990s--Amy E. Slaton examines efforts to expand black opportunities in engineering as well as obstacles to those reforms. Her study reveals aspects of admissions criteria and curricular emphases that work against proportionate black involvement in many engineering programs. Slaton exposes the negative impact of conservative ideologies in engineering, and of specific institutional processes--ideas and practices that are as limiting for the field of engineering as they are for the goal of greater racial parity in the profession.

This book brings together a number of studies which examine the ways in which the retention and selectivity of separations in high-performance liquid chromatography are dependent on the chemical structure of the analytes and the properties of the stationary and mobile phases. Although previous authors have described the optimisation of separations by alteration of the mobile phase, little emphasis has previously been reported of the influence of the structure and properties of the analyte.The initial chapters describe methods based on retention index group increments and log P increments for the prediction of the retention of analytes and the ways in which these factors are influenced by mobile phases and intramolecular interactions. The values of a wide range of group increments in different eluents are tabulated.Different scales of retention indices in liquid chromatography are described for the comparison of separations, the identification of analytes and the comparison of stationary phases. Applications of these methods in the pharmaceutical, toxicology, forensic, metabolism, environmental, food and other fields are reviewed. The effects of different mobile phases on the selectivity of the retention indices are reported. A compilation of sources of reported retention index values are given.Methods for the comparison of stationary phases based on the interactions of different analytes are covered, including lipophilic and polar indices, shape selectivity comparisons, their application to novel stationary phases, and chemometric methods for column comparisons.

The demand for selective organic reactions is growing more acute everyday. Indeed, greater product selectivity has an important impact on energy and resource utilization, in terms of reduced process energy requirements for product separation and purification, in terms of low-value by-products, and in terms of environmental acceptance and compatibility. Moreover, more and more chemicals, especially pharmaceuticals, have to be sold in an optically active form. The search for selectivity constitutes a tremendous challenge for the chemists. In the last two decades, homogeneous transition metal based catalysis has emerged as one of the most promising tools for obtaining selectivity. In connection with developments in this area, this book contains updated and expanded versions of most of the lectures presented at a Cornett course held in Trieste (Italy) in 1989 and sponsored by the European Community. A primary aim is to cultivate a deeper understanding of the parameters that govern the selectivities and stimulate a wider utilization of transition metal based catalysis in organic synthesis. All aspects of selectivity, chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantioselectivity are considered and illustrated by applications in various fields or organic synthesis. The impact of catalysis in oxydation, reduction, carbonylation reactions, carbene chemistry, in Ni and Pd promoted dimerizations, oligomerizations as well as fonctionalisations is stressed, quite often with special emphasis laid on reaction mechanisms. In this aspect, the last chapter examplifies the interest of high pressure NMR and IR when investigating the nature of reaction intermediates in homogeneous reactions.

The first extended analysis of selectivity policies of important bilateral and multilateral aid donors, this book combines a policy-analytical with a quantitative-empirical approach. Bringing out the conflicts that may exist between foreign assistance agendas and the desire of governments in developing countries to set priorities for their national

One of the most fundamental aspects of the auditory system is its frequency selectivity - the ability to resolve a complex sound into frequency compOhents. This ability plays a role in many aspects of auditory perception, including: the masking of one sound by another; the perception of pitch for pure tones and complex tones; the perception of timbre; the perception of the relative phase of components in complex sounds; and the perception of loudness. Over the last decade, there have been considerable advances in our understanding of frequency selectivity, both at the physiological and psychophysical level, and rapid progress continues to be made. This book summarizes the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Auditory Frequency Selectivity which was held in Wolfson College, Cambridge from June 23rd to 27th, 1986. The Workshop brought together leading researchers from all disciplines relevant to the topic, with the aim of reviewing and consolidating the latest research findings, and identifying areas of uncertainty or controversy where further research is needed. The book is aimed primarily at research scientists and research students in the fields of psychology, audiology, auditory physiology, biophysics, medicine, acoustical engineering, noise control, communication and speech science. It should also be useful for advanced undergraduates in these disciplines. A feature of the book is that it includes summaries of the discussions which followed the presentation of each paper at the Workshop.