Searches for events with new particle topologies in 455 hadronic Z decays with the Mark 2 detector at SLC are presented. 95% confidence level lower limits of 40.7 GeV/c2 for the top quark mass and 42.0 GeV/c2 for the mass of a fourth generation charge - 1/3 quark, regardless of decay mode, are obtained. For a fourth generation sequential Dirac neutrino?4 mass up to 43 GeV/c2. Decays of the Z boson to a pair of non-minimal Higgs bosons (Z → H{sub s}°H{sub p}°), where one of them is relatively light ({approx lt} 10 GeV/c2), are also considered. Limits are obtained on the ZH{sub s}°H{sub p}° coupling as a function of the Higgs boson masses. 11 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

The book is a compilation of the most important experimental results achieved during the past 60 years at CERN - from the mid-1950s to the latest discovery of the Higgs particle. Covering the results from the early accelerators at CERN to those most recent at the LHC, the contents provide an excellent review of the achievements of this outstanding laboratory. Not only presented is the impressive scientific progress achieved during the past six decades, but also demonstrated is the special way in which successful international collaboration exists at CERN.

In this work, the interaction between the Higgs boson and the top quark is studied with the proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV provided by the LHC at the CMS detector at CERN (Geneva). At the LHC, these particles are produced simultaneously via the associate production of the Higgs boson with one top quark (tH process) or two top quarks (ttH process). Compared to many other possible outcomes of the proton-proton interactions, these processes are very rare, as the top quark and the Higgs boson are the heaviest elementary particles known. Hence, identifying them constitutes a significant experimental challenge. A high particle selection efficiency in the CMS detector is therefore crucial. At the core of this selection stands the Level-1 (L1) trigger system, a system that filters collision events to retain only those with potential interest for physics analysis. The selection of hadronically decaying τ leptons, expected from the Higgs boson decays, is especially demanding due to the large background arising from the QCD interactions. The first part of this thesis presents the optimization of the L1 τ algorithm in Run 2 (2016-2018) and Run 3 (2022-2024) of the LHC. It includes the development of a novel trigger concept for the High-Luminosity LHC, foreseen to start in 2027 and to deliver 5 times the current instantaneous luminosity. To this end, sophisticated algorithms based on machine learning approaches are used, facilitated by the increasingly modern technology and powerful computation of the trigger system. The second part of the work presents the search of the tH and ttH processes with the subsequent decays of the Higgs boson to pairs of τ lepton, W bosons or Z bosons, making use of the data recorded during Run 2. The presence of multiple particles in the final state, along with the low cross section of the processes, makes the search an ideal use case for multivariant discriminants that enhance the selectivity of the signals and reject the overwhelming background contributions. The discriminants presented are built using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, able to capture the correlations amongst the processes involved, as well as the so-called Matrix Element Method (MEM), which combines the theoretical description of the processes with the detector resolution effects. The level of sophistication of the methods used, along with the unprecedented amount of collision data analyzed, result in the most stringent measurements of the tH and ttH cross sections up to date.

The authors present the results of the first search for a new particle X produced in p{bar p} collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV and subsequently decaying to Z[gamma]. The search uses 0.3 fb−1 of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. They set limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction [sigma](p{bar p} → X) x B(X → Z[gamma]) that range from 0.4-3.5 pb at the 95% C.L. for X with invariant masses between 100 and 1000 GeV/c2 over a wide range of X decay widths.

Volume 8.

A fascinating tour of particle physics from Nobel Prize winner Leon Lederman. At the root of particle physics is an invincible sense of curiosity. Leon Lederman embraces this spirit of inquiry as he moves from the Greeks' earliest scientific observations to Einstein and beyond to chart this unique arm of scientific study. His survey concludes with the Higgs boson, nicknamed the God Particle, which scientists hypothesize will help unlock the last secrets of the subatomic universe, quarks and all--it's the dogged pursuit of this almost mystical entity that inspires Lederman's witty and accessible history.

Lincoln, a senior scientist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and adjunct professor of physics at Notre Dame, gives readers an insider's view of the Hadron Collider from its conception, through its early discoveries and difficulties, to its greatest triumph, the discovery of the Higgs boson.

Proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, ISSP 2014, 52nd Course, ERICE, Erice, 24 June - 3 July 2014.

We have searched 310 hadronic Z decays for evidence of new quarks and leptons. We set lower mass limits of 40.7 GeV/c2 for top, 45 GeV/c2 for bottom prime, and 42.4 GeV/c2 for a heavy neutral lepton assuming their decays are predominantly via the charged current. Limits are also set for other decay modes and for mixtures of decay modes. 10 refs., 10 figs.