This book is the most comprehensive description of the decades-long Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) project, including its philosophical foundation, methodological consideration, conceptual design details, implications in the related fields, and its similarities and differences to many related works in cognitive science. While most current works in Artificial Intelligence (AI) focus on individual aspects of intelligence and cognition, NARS is designed and developed to attack the AI problem as a whole.

This book presents the dynamic modeling and attitude control of flexible spacecraft with time-varying parameters. The dynamic characteristics, vibration control methods and attitude stabilization methods for spacecraft are systematically studied in respects of the theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and the ground experiment. Three active control theories in complex mode space are presented for flexible space structures. Optimal slew strategies based on variable amplitudes input shaping methods and coupling control methods are proposed for stabilization of flexible spacecraft. The research provides an important way to solve the problem of high-precision attitude control of flexible spacecraft with time-varying parameters. This book is appropriate for the researchers who focus on the multi-body dynamics, attitude and vibration control of flexible spacecraft.

Complex electronic circuits and devices are flooding applications in nearly every facet of commercial and industrial activity, from automated equipment to all types of consumer products. Proper selection of materials is crucial to meet the end-use requirements of flexible and rigid printed wiring boards. While there are many useful books and articles on the fabrication of printed circuit boards, Materials for Rigid and Flexible Printed Wiring Boards is the first book to detail the properties of the materials used and how they are made. The authors present important manufacturing information and material properties for reinforcement materials, resins, flexible films, copper foils, rigid laminates, high-speed/high-frequency laminates, and metal core and constraining core materials. They offer practical guidance to help designers, engineers, and fabricators choose suitable materials to successfully meet strength, weight, thickness, performance, cost, and other requirements. In most cases, the material data comes directly from manufacturers' data sheets, representing typical values. The book illustrates the comparative strengths and limitations of the materials, highlights their basic properties, and details the manufacturing processes used to make them. Offering practical guidance based on years of experience, Materials for Rigid and Flexible Printed Wiring Boards is a one-stop source of crucial information for anyone designing or building printed circuit boards for any application.

Polyester or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an unreinforced, semi-crystalline thermo-plastic polyester derived from polyethylene terephthalate. Its excellent wear resistance, low coefficient of friction, high flexural modulus, and superior dimensional stability make it a versatile material for designing mechanical and electro-mechanical parts. PET is fully recyclable and can be easily reprocessed into many other products for many different applications. However, unlike paper and other cellulose products, PET does not readily decompose. However, biodegradable additives are available that enhance the biodegradation of this plastic without affecting the physical properties. Formation of a flexible polyurethane foam is an intricate process employing unique hardware, multiple ingredients and at least two simultaneous reactions. The urethane forming reaction occurs between the isocyanate and the polyol. Polyurethanes, also known as polycarbamates, belong to a larger class of compounds called polymers. Polyurethanes can be produced in four different forms including elastomers, coatings, flexible foams, and cross-linked foams. Elastomers are materials that can be stretched but will eventually return to their original shape. They are useful in applications that require strength, flexibility, abrasion resistance, and shock absorbing qualities. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers can be molded and shaped into different parts. This makes them useful as base materials for automobile parts, ski boots, roller skate wheels, cable jackets, and other mechanical goods. When these elastomers are spun into fibers they produce a flexible material called spandex. Spandex is used to make sock tops, bras, support hose, swimsuits, and other athletic apparel. Co-injection is the process of injecting two resins simultaneously through a single gate to form a multi-layer structure. Recently, there has been a re-emergence of interest in co-injection technology spurred on by the development of new resins, barrier systems, controls, and hardware technologies. Increasing demand of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from food and beverage sector like in carbonated soft drinks packaging, increase demand for packaged food due to rise in consumption of frozen and processed food, rise in demand for electronics and automotive applications/industries and ecofriendly substitution are the most important driving factors in the polyethylene terephthalate market. Also, rapid urbanization, innovative packaging and high economic growth is contribution in increasing the demand for polyethylene terephthalate regardless of the geographical location. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area. TAGS Production Process for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Production and Manufacturing, PET Sheet Making, PET Packaging Film Production, Packaging Films Manufacture, Production of PET Film, Polyester Film Production, PET Film Manufacturing, PET Film Making Plant, PET Film Production, PET Sheet Production, Production of PET Sheet, Film/Sheet Production, PET Sheet Manufacturing Business, PET Sheet Manufacture, PET Sheet Making Unit, How Polyurethane is Made? Manufacturing of Urethane Foams, Manufacturing of Polyurethane Foams, Urethane Foam Manufacturing, Urethane Foam Production, Manufacturing of PU Foam, How to Make Polyurethane Flexible Foam, Making of Polyurethane Foams, Production of Polyurethane Foam, Polyurethane Foam Making Plant, Polyurethane Flexible Foam Production, PU Foam Manufacturing Process, Process for Making Polyurethane Foam, Production Plant of Polyurethane Foam, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing Business, Polyurethane Foam Production Process, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Manufacture, Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing Process, Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Rigid Polyurethane Foaming Process, Specialty Plastic Manufacturing, Speciality Plastics, Foams Manufacturing Plant, Specialty Packaging, Stretch Blow Molding, Stretch Blow Molding Machine, Stretch Blow Moulding Process, Stretch Blow Moulding for Plastic, Injection Blow Moulding, Extrusion Blow Moulding, Injection And Extrusion Blow Molding, Co-Injection Technology, PET Film Manufacturing Project Ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small Scale Industries Projects Ideas, PET Film Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project Profile on Small Scale Industries, How to Start PET Sheet Manufacturing Industry in India, PET Film Manufacturing Projects, New Project Profile on PET Film Manufacturing Industries, Project Report on PET Film Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on PET Film Manufacturing, Project Report on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Techno-Economic Feasibility Study on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Feasibility Report on Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Project Profile on Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing, Download Free Project Profile on Polyurethane Foam Production, Industrial Project Report on Polyurethane Foam Production

Although rigidity has been studied since the time of Lagrange (1788) and Maxwell (1864), it is only in the last twenty-five years that it has begun to find applications in the basic sciences. The modern era starts with Laman (1970), who made the subject rigorous in two dimensions, followed by the development of computer algorithms that can test over a million sites in seconds and find the rigid regions, and the associated pivots, leading to many applications. This workshop was organized to bring together leading researchers studying the underlying theory, and to explore the various areas of science where applications of these ideas are being implemented.

How do firms cope with changing environments? Is flexibility really the solution? Based on an Igor Ansoff Award winning study, Building the Flexible Firm shows how flexibility has become the new strategic challenge for contemporary firms. Offering a wealth of insights and based on extensive interviews with practitioners, Henk Volberda provides a strategic framework which explains what types of flexibility are effective under different organizational conditions and environmental characteristics. He also demonstrates an integrated method for diagnosing a firm's flexibility and for guiding the transition to greater flexibility and responsiveness.

See if this sounds familiar: you’ve just started a new diet, certain that it’s going to be different this time around and that it’s going to work. You’re cranking along, adjust to the new eating (and exercise) patterns and everything is going just fine. For a while.Then the problem hits. Maybe it’s something small, a slight deviation or dalliance. There’s a bag of cookies and you have one or you’re at the mini mart and just can’t resist a little something that’s not on your diet. Or maybe it’s something a little bit bigger, a party or special event comes up and you know you won’t be able to stick with your diet. Or, at the very extreme, maybe a vacation comes up, a few days out of town or even something longer, a week or two. What do you do?Now, if you’re in the majority, here’s what happens: You eat the cookie and figure that you’ve blown your diet and might as well eat the entire bag. Clearly you were weak willed and pathetic for having that cookie, the guilt sets in and you might as well just start eating and eating and eating.Or since the special event is going to blow your diet, you might as well eat as much as you can and give up, right? The diet is obviously blown by that single event so might as well chuck it all in the garbage. Vacations can be the ultimate horror, it’s not as if you’re going to go somewhere special for 3 days (or longer) and stay on your diet, right? Might as well throw it all out now and just eat like you want, gain back all the weight and then some.What if I told you that none of the above had to happen? What if I told you that expecting to be perfect on your diet was absolutely setting you up for failure, that being more flexible about your eating habits would make them work better? What if I told you that studies have shown that people who are flexible dieters (as opposed to rigid dieters) tend to weigh less, show better adherence to their diet in the long run and have less binge eating episodes?What if I told you that deliberately fitting in ‘free’ (or cheat or reward) meals into your diet every week would make it work better in the long run, that deliberately overeating for 5-24 hours can sometimes be a necessary part of a diet (especially for active individuals), that taking 1-2 weeks off of your diet to eat normally may actually make it easier to stick with in the long run in addition to making it work better.I can actually predict that your response is one of the following. Some may think I’m making the same set of empty promises that every other book out there makes. But I have the data and real-world experience to back up my claims. Or, maybe the idea of making your diet less strict and miserable is something you actively resist. I’ve run into this with many dieters; they seem to equate suffering and misery with success and would rather doom themselves to failure by following the same pattern that they’ve always followed rather than consider an alternate approach. Finally, maybe what little I wrote above makes intuitive sense to you and you want to find out more.Regardless of your reaction to what I’ve written, I already have your money so you might as well read on.I should probably warn you that this isn’t a typical diet book. You won’t find a lot of rah-rah or motivational types of writing, there are no food lists and no recipes. There are thousands of other books out there which fit that bill if that’s what you want but this isn’t it.

This book contains an edited versIOn of lectures presented at the NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE on VIRTUAL NONLINEAR MUL TIBODY SYSTEMS which was held in Prague, Czech Republic, from 23 June to 3 July 2002. It was organized by the Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, in cooperation with the Institute B of Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Germany. The ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE addressed the state of the art in multibody dynamics placing special emphasis on nonlinear systems, virtual reality, and control design as required in mechatronics and its corresponding applications. Eighty-six participants from twenty-two countries representing academia, industry, government and research institutions attended the meeting. The high qualification of the participants contributed greatly to the success of the ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE in that it promoted the exchange of experience between leading scientists and young scholars, and encouraged discussions to generate new ideas and to define directions of research and future developments. The full program of the ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE included also contributed presentations made by participants where different topics were explored, among them: Such topics include: nonholonomic systems; flexible multibody systems; contact, impact and collision; numerical methods of differential-algebraical equations; simulation approaches; virtual modelling; mechatronic design; control; biomechanics; space structures and vehicle dynamics. These presentations have been reviewed and a selection will be published in this volume, and in special issues of the journals Multibody System Dynamics and Mechanics of Structures and Machines.

Plastic technology is one of the fields where people can show their ability and performance both theoretically and practically. The Indian plastic and polymer industry has taken great strides. In the last few decades, the industry has grown to the status of a leading sector in the country with a sizable base. The material is gaining notable importance in different spheres of activity and the per capita consumption is increasing at a fast pace. Continuous advancements and developments in polymer technology, processing machineries, expertise and cost effective manufacturing is fast replacing the typical materials in different segments with plastics. Some examples of the specialty plastics are polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) , thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), polysulphones (PSO), polyester sulphone (PES), polyarylates, polyamide imide (PAI), etc. Polyurethane is polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. Polyurethane polymers are formed by combining two bi or higher functional monomers. Urethane foam is an artificial material with several different uses. The manufacturing process can produce foams of varying densities and flexibilities. This means it can serve functions as diverse as bedding, packaging and footwear. It is important to note that urethane foam is most commonly used to refer to a material made from polyurethane. Furniture, bedding, automotive interiors, energy management, footwear and insulation utilize flexible foam technology due to its wide range of density, cushioning ability and versatility of use. Appliance (refrigeration, water heaters), construction panels, roofing boardstock, and spray applied insulation utilize rigid polyurethane foam due its superior insulating and mechanical properties to reduce energy consumption and enhance structural integrity of the finished product. The versatility of the technology and processability makes rigid polyurethane foam uniquely suited for other applications, like architectural molding, energy absorbing materials in automobiles, entry doors, and even picnic coolers. Polymer Energy system is an award winning, innovative, proprietary process to convert waste plastics into renewable energy. Polymers are the most rapidly growing sector of the materials industry. Some fundamentals of the book are properties and applications of speciality plastics, thermoplastic polyurethanes, formation of urethane foams, flexible foams, variables in the preparation of prepolymers, procedures for the preparation of prepolymers, catalyzed prepolymer preparation, application of flexible foams, applications of rigid foams, one-stage injection stretch blow moulding, pet material and applications, injection and co-injection preform technologies, pet film and sheet, plastics as safe & hygienic medium for packaging food & food products. The book covers processes and other required information for the manufacturing of different specialty plastics, Foams, PET and Pre form PET etc. This is very useful book for new entrepreneurs, technocrats, existing units, institutional libraries etc. TAGS Applications of speciality plastics, Business guidance for PET Preform and Plastics industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Flexible and Rigid Foams, Flexible Polyurethane Foam, Flexible Polyurethane Foam: Industry, Foam manufacturing process, Foam production process, Formation of urethane foams, How polyurethane foam is made, How polyurethane foam is made, How to make polyurethane foam, How to Start a Foam Production Company, How to Start a PET Preform Production Business, How to Start a Plastic Recycling Manufacturing Business, How to Start a Specialty plastic Manufacturing Business?, How to start a successful PET Preform business, How to Start Specialty plastic Processing Industry in India, Indian polyurethane foam market, Manufacturing of Flexible Foams, Manufacturing of Foams, Manufacturing of Injection and Co-Injection Preform, Manufacturing of Pet & Preform, Manufacturing of Pet Film and Sheet, Manufacturing of Plastic products, Manufacturing of Preform bottles, Manufacturing of Rigid Foams, Manufacturing of Urethane Foams, Manufacturing Polyurethane foams, Most Profitable Specialty plastic Processing Business Ideas, New business model for specialty plastics, New small scale ideas in Specialty plastic processing industry, PE foam, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) sheets, PET Bottle Making, PET Preform and Plastics Business, PET Preform Based Small Scale Industries Projects, PET Preform making machine factory, PET Preform Making Small Business Manufacturing, PET Preform Making, Pet preform manufacturing process, Pet preform manufacturing, PET Preform Plastic Injection Molding, PET Processing - Injection Molding Plastics Technology, Plastic Manufacturing Company - Business Plan, Plastic packaging industry, Plastic Protective Packaging, Polyethylene foam, Polyurethane Rigid Foam manufacturing process, Polyurethanes, Preform Injection Molding Production, Process technology books, Production of Polyurethane Foam, Production of rigid polyurethane foam, Profitable growth with Specialty plastics business, Profitable Small Scale PET Preform and Plastics Manufacturing, Properties of speciality plastics, PU foam manufacturing process, Setting up and opening your Specialty plastic Business, Small scale Commercial PET Preform making, Small scale PET Preform production line, Small Scale Specialty plastic Processing Projects, Speciality Plastics, Specialty plastic Based Profitable Projects, Specialty plastic Processing Industry in India, Specialty plastic Processing Projects, Specialty Plastics and Polymer Additives Businesses, Specialty plastics business, Start Your Own Pet Bottle Business, Starting a PET Preform Business, Starting a plastics product manufacturing, Start-up Business Plan for PET Preform Business, Startup ideas, Startup Project for Specialty plastic Business, Startup

Did you know that any straight-line drawing on paper can be folded so that the complete drawing can be cut out with one straight scissors cut? That there is a planar linkage that can trace out any algebraic curve, or even 'sign your name'? Or that a 'Latin cross' unfolding of a cube can be refolded to 23 different convex polyhedra? Over the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in such problems, with applications ranging from robotics to protein folding. With an emphasis on algorithmic or computational aspects, this treatment gives hundreds of results and over 60 unsolved 'open problems' to inspire further research. The authors cover one-dimensional (1D) objects (linkages), 2D objects (paper), and 3D objects (polyhedra). Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics or computer science, this lavishly illustrated book will fascinate a broad audience, from school students to researchers.