The Rice Genetics Collection of past symposia and other selected literature contains nearly 4,400 pages of searchable information on rice genetics and cytogenetics published by the IRRI and its partners since 1964. In addition to the five genetics symposia held at 5-year intervals since 1985, the collection contains classic publications that kicked off significant reporting on these subjects in the early 1960s. This collection is a comprehensive and historical documentation on the subject of rice genetics, spanning 45 years of research and scholarly work.Held in 1995 and published the following year, Rice Genetics III contains 138 chapters from various contributors on topics dealing with rice genetic research, including varietal differentiation and evolution; genetics of morphological and physiological traits and disease resistance; cytogenetics; tissue and cell culture; molecular mapping of genes; map-based gene cloning; molecular genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility; transformation; gene isolation, characterization, and expression; genetic diversity in pathogen populations; and rice research priorities.

The Rice Genetics Collection of past symposia and other selected literature contains nearly 4,400 pages of searchable information on rice genetics and cytogenetics published by the IRRI and its partners since 1964. In addition to the five genetics symposia held at 5-year intervals since 1985, the collection contains classic publications that kicked off significant reporting on these subjects in the early 1960s. This collection is a comprehensive and historical documentation on the subject of rice genetics, spanning 45 years of research and scholarly work.Held in 1990 and published the following year, Rice Genetics II contains 65 chapters from various contributors on topics dealing with rice genetic research, including varietal differentiation and evolution; genetic markers, linkage groups, and aneuploids; genetics of stress tolerance, morphological and physiological traits, and disease and insect resistance; tissue and cell culture; molecular genetics of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes, rice proteins, and disease resistance; RFLP analysis of rice genomes; and transformation techniques.

Plenary session papers; I: Varietal differentiation and evolution; II: Genetics of morphological and physiological traits; III: Genetics of disease resistance; IV: Cytogenetics; V: Tissue and cell culture; VI: Molecular mapping of genes; VII: Map-based gene cloning; VIII: Molecular genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility; IX: Transformation; X: Gene isolation, characterization, and expression; XI: Genetic diversity in pathogen populations; XII: Rice research priorities.

The Rice Genetics Collection of past symposia and other selected literature contains nearly 4,400 pages of searchable information on rice genetics and cytogenetics published by the IRRI and its partners since 1964. In addition to the five genetics symposia held at 5-year intervals since 1985, the collection contains classic publications that kicked off significant reporting on these subjects in the early 1960s. This collection is a comprehensive and historical documentation on the subject of rice genetics, spanning 45 years of research and scholarly work.Held in 1985 and published the following year, Rice Genetics I contains 77 chapters from various contributors on topics dealing with rice genetic research, including systematics and evolution; varietal diversity and reproductive barriers; karyotype, polyploids, and trisomics; linkage maps; genetics of morphological and physiological traits; genetics of stress tolerance, disease resistance, insect resistance, and quantitative traits; cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration; mutagenesis; tissue and cell culture; and genetic engineering.

Genetics and breeding of agronomic traits. Genetic diversity, evolution, and alien introgression. Molecular markers, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted selection. Genomics. Gene isolation and function. Tissue culture and transformation. Genetics of rice pathogens.

The current scenario of increasing sensitivity towards the sustainable agriculture has given a large space to extensively utilize natural resources that are environmental friendly and are a good replacement of chemicals in agriculture. Application of organic additives in the sustainable disease management can provide new insight in sustenance of plant productivity along with improved host stress tolerance. In the present book we have focussed upon a range of organic strategies to control plant pathogens of wide spectrum in addition to maintaining robust plant health. A detailed account on the application of organic additives has been discussed, irrespective of their origin and nature. In addition, the methods of utilising these organic supplements in the management of plant diseases and promotion of plant yield in more economic way have also been presented with reference to developing, underdeveloped and developed countries. The book has included the works of eminent scholars from across the world thus flashing light on the key literature related to application of organic matters including phytoextracts, chopped leaves, composted organic manures and liquid manures in eco-friendly agriculture. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of these organic amendments in promoting plant health has also been presented and discussed in understandable ways.

Regional Perspective. Rice production in Africa: an overview. Rice in eastern and southern Africa: the role of international testing . Varietal improvement research in rice for Africa. Potential rice varieties for East Africa. High yielding varieties technology project for rice in tropical Africa. Insect pests and diseases of rice in Africa. National Rice Research And Production. Rice production in Kenya. Key research areas on irrigated rice in Kenya. Rice in Tanzania. The status of rice production, consumpuon, and research in Zimbabwe. , Rice research in Zimbabwe. The Zina year rice project in Madagascar. Rice in Malawi. Country report for Zambia with emphasis on activities and constraints to rice production. A review of rice research in Zambia past, present, and future prased. Recommendations. Monitoring tour in Zambia and Tanzania.

2.1 Text Summarization “Text summarization is the process of distilling the most important information from a source (or sources) to produce an abridged version for a particular user (or users) and task (or tasks)” [3]. Basic and classical articles in text summarization appear in “Advances in automatic text summarization” [3]. A literature survey on information extraction and text summarization is given by Zechner [7]. In general, the process of automatic text summarization is divided into three stages: (1) analysis of the given text, (2) summarization of the text, (3) presentation of the summary in a suitable output form. Titles, abstracts and keywords are the most common summaries in Academic papers. Usually, the title, the abstract and the keywords are the first, second, and third parts of an Academic paper, respectively. The title usually describes the main issue discussed in the study and the abstract presents the reader a short description of the background, the study and its results. A keyword is either a single word (unigram), e.g.: ‘learning', or a collocation, which means a group of two or more words, representing an important concept, e.g.: ‘machine learning', ‘natural language processing'. Retrieving collocations from text was examined by Smadja [5] and automatic extraction of collocations was examined by Kita et al. [1].

Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Following its predecessors, the fourth edition of this well-regarded handbook offers a unique, comprehensive, and complete collection of topics in the field of plant and crop physiology. Divided into eleven sections, for easy access of information, this edition contains more than 90 percent new material, substantial revisions, and two new sections. The handbook covers the physiology of plant and crop growth and development, cellular and molecular aspects, plant genetics and production processes. The book presents findings on plant and crop growth in response to climatic changes, and considers the potential for plants and crops adaptation, exploring the biotechnological aspects of plant and crop improvement. This content is used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for increasing plant growth and crop yield. Readers benefit from numerous tables, figures, case studies and illustrations, as well as thousands of index words, all of which increase the accessibility of the information contained in this important handbook. New to the Edition: Contains 37 new chapters and 13 extensively revised and expanded chapters from the third edition of this book. Includes new or modified sections on soil-plant-water-nutrients-microorganisms physiological relations; and on plant growth regulators, both promoters and inhibitors. Additional new and modified chapters cover the physiological responses of lower plants and vascular plants and crops to metal-based nanoparticles and agrichemicals; and the growth responses of plants and crops to climate change and environmental stresses. With contributions from 95 scientists from 20 countries, this book provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering plant and crop physiological responses under normal and stressful conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants.