For decades, scholars have placed the “New Negro” and Harlem’s Literati movements and their participants under the Harlem Renaissance’s umbrella with these monikers used interchangeably in scholarship to describe a seemingly singular literary and cultural moment in history. In Rewriting Literary Blackness in Harlem: The Intertextuality of Hubert Harrison, George S. Schuyler, and Wallace Thurman, Tammie Jenkins argues that these are distinct movements that share intertextually related ideological views that occurred on a literary continuum. Harrison’s, Schuyler’s, and Thurman’s contributions have rarely been viewed and analyzed through an isolation of their respective movements. Using works published by Harrison, Schuyler, and Thurman during the early twentieth century, Jenkins investigates how their works redefined blackness at the intersections of race, gender, class, and geography. This book provides new insight into the intertextual relationships between the New Negro Movement, the Harlem Renaissance and Harlem’s Literati to scholars and academic libraries interested in cultivating and expanding understandings in African American Literature, African American History, Black Studies, and African American Studies.

Within the Circle is the first anthology to present the entire spectrum of twentieth-century African American literary and cultural criticism. It begins with the Harlem Renaissance, continues through civil rights, the Black Arts Movement, and on into contemporary debates of poststructuralist and black feminist theory. Drawing on a quote from Frederick Douglass for the title of this book, Angelyn Mitchell explains in her introduction the importance for those "within the circle" of African American literature to examine their own works and to engage this critical canon. The essays in this collection--many of which are not widely available today--either initiated or gave critical definition to specific periods or movements of African American literature. They address issues such as integration, separatism, political action, black nationalism, Afrocentricity, black feminism, as well as the role of art, the artist, the critic, and the audience. With selections from Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, W. E. B. DuBois, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Barbara Smith, Alice Walker, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and many others, this definitive collection provides a dynamic model of the cultural, ideological, historical, and aesthetic considerations in African American literature and literary criticism. A major contribution to the study of African American literature, this volume will serve as a foundation for future work by students and scholars. Its importance will be recognized by all those interested in modern literary theory as well as general readers concerned with the African American experience. Selections by (partial list): Houston A. Baker, Jr., James Baldwin, Sterling Brown, Barbara Christian, W. E. B. DuBois, Ralph Ellison, LeRoi Jones, Sarah Webster Fabio, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., W. Lawrence Hogue, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Alain Locke, Deborah E. McDowell, Toni Morrison, J. Saunders Redding, George Schuyler, Barbara Smith, Valerie Smith, Hortense J. Spillers, Robert B. Stepto, Alice Walker, Margaret Walker, Mary Helen Washington, Richard Wright

By restoring interracial dimensions left out of accounts of the Harlem Renaissance--or blamed for corrupting it--George Hutchinson transforms our understanding of black (and white) literary modernism, interracial literary relations, and twentieth-century cultural nationalism in the United States.

In his introduction to the foundational 1925 text The New Negro, Alain Locke described the “Old Negro” as “a creature of moral debate and historical controversy,” necessitating a metamorphosis into a literary art that embraced modernism and left sentimentalism behind. This was the underlying theoretical background that contributed to the flowering of African American culture and art that would come to be called the Harlem Renaissance. While the popular period has received much scholarly attention, the significance of editors and editing in the Harlem Renaissance remains woefully understudied. Editing the Harlem Renaissance foregrounds an in-depth, exhaustive approach to relevant editing and editorial issues, exploring not only those figures of the Harlem Renaissance who edited in professional capacities, but also those authors who employed editorial practices during the writing process and those texts that have been discovered and/or edited by others in the decades following the Harlem Renaissance. Editing the Harlem Renaissance considers developmental editing, textual self-fashioning, textual editing, documentary editing, and bibliography. Chapters utilize methodologies of authorial intention, copy-text, manuscript transcription, critical edition building, and anthology creation. Together, these chapters provide readers with a new way of viewing the artistic production of one of the United States’ most important literary movements.

This book concentrates on the aesthetic and cultural force of Harlem, which inspired writers from Sherwood Anderson to Tom Wolfe.

A Companion to the Harlem Renaissance presents acomprehensive collection of original essays that address theliterature and culture of the Harlem Renaissance from the end ofWorld War I to the middle of the 1930s. Represents the most comprehensive coverage of themes and uniquenew perspectives on the Harlem Renaissance available Features original contributions from both emerging scholars ofthe Harlem Renaissance and established academic “stars”in the field Offers a variety of interdisciplinary features, such as thesection on visual and expressive arts, that emphasize thecollaborative nature of the era Includes “Spotlight Readings” featuring lesserknown figures of the Harlem Renaissance and newly discovered orundervalued writings by canonicalfigures

Essay from the year 2013 in the subject American Studies - Literature, University of Alexandria (Faculty of Arts (English Dept.)), course: African- American Literature, language: English, abstract: Toni Morrison belongs to the modern literary and artistic movement which reached its peak in the 1920s. She was affected by towering figures like Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner. She believed in the modernist slogan that says "The medium is the message," or "The form is the content," which means that how a message or theme is presented is as important as what the message or theme is. Unlike earlier writers who wrote chronological narratives which in some ways reflected the conventions of history writing, modernists became interested in representing the way characters thought. They decided that people did not think in sequential, logical, or chronological ways but much more as a sort of free association of thought. This is what many modernist writers attempted to capture in their novels and they called it the stream of consciousness narration. Morrison was affected by this literary school to a great extent.

"Mr. Baker perceives the harlem Renaissance as a crucial moment in a movement, predating the 1920's, when Afro-Americans embraced the task of self-determination and in so doing gave forth a distinctive form of expression that still echoes in a broad spectrum of 20th-century Afro-American arts. . . . Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance may well become Afro-America's 'studying manual.'"—Tonya Bolden, New York Times Book Review

The imaginative literature of African and Afro-American authors writing in Western languages has long been seen as standing outside the Western literary canon. In fact, however, black literature not only has a complex formal relation to that canon, but tends to revise and reflect Western rhetorical strategies even more than it echoes black vernacular literary forms. This book, first published in 1984, is divided into two sections, thus clarifying the nature of black literary theory on the one hand, and the features of black literary practice on the other. Rather than merely applying contemporary Western theory to black literature, these critics instead challenge and redefine the theory in order to make fresh, stimulating comments not only on black criticism and literature but also on the general state of criticism today.

Topics include: 'Complexity and Continuity'; 'Transition, Exclusion and Illusion'; 'The Use of an Eye'; 'Fragmentation and Reconstruction'; 'Shifting Foundations'; 'Living History'; and more.