Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.

Each title in the 'Primers in Biology' series is constructed on a modular principle that is intended to make them easy to teach from, to learn from, and to use for reference.

Intercellular Junctions—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Intercellular Junctions. The editors have built Intercellular Junctions—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Intercellular Junctions in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Intercellular Junctions—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Issues in Life Sciences: Botany and Plant Biology Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Life Sciences—Botany and Plant Biology Research. The editors have built Issues in Life Sciences: Botany and Plant Biology Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Life Sciences—Botany and Plant Biology Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Life Sciences: Botany and Plant Biology Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Protein research is a frontier field in science. Proteins are widely distributed in plants and animals and are the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and serve as enzymes, structural elements, hormones, immunoglobulins, etc., and are involved throughout the body, and in photosynthesis. This book gathers new leading-edge research from throughout the world in this exciting and exploding field of research.

The phenotype of a plant in response to a stress condition is the reflection of the molecular responses in different cell-types composing the plant. The multicellular complexity represents a challenge when accessing specific responses of each cell or cell type composing the plant. To overcome this difficulty and allow the clear characterization of the plant cell molecular mechanisms, the research community is now focusing on studying a single cell and single cell-types. The isolation of plant single cells is limited by the cell wall that confers the rigidity of the plant and its overall structure. Various methods have been developed for isolating plant cells (e.g. laser capture microdissection; cell sorting of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged protoplasts, differential protoplastization of cells such as guard cells, isolation of easily accessible cell types such as cotton fiber, pollen cells, trichomes and root hair cells). The development of these innovative approaches to isolate single plant cells or cell-types combined with the application of sensitive and high-throughput technologies allows a better analysis of the developmental processes and response to environmental stresses. Ultimately, single plant cell and cell-type biology will lead to establishment of more reliable and accurate -molecular regulatory networks at the resolution of basic life unit. The goal of this Research Topic is to cover new technological and biological advances in the study of plant single cell, cell-type and systems biology.

Concentrates on symplasmic transport of small molecules, although the cell-to-cell transport of macromolecules will also be discussed. This book characterize the efficiency of symplasmic transport, mechanisms of molecule passage via plasmodesmata, and the external and internal factors that regulate plasmodesmatal conductivity. In this context, the book focused on the role of symplasmic domains in plant development, as well as the influence of environmental stresses on the plasmodesmata. Besides cell-to-cell symplasmic transport, the significance of long-distance symplasmic transport of solutes in phloem elements is also reviewed. Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants presents the mechanism of phloem transport, the processes of symplasmic loading and unloading, as well as the role of pre- and post-phloem transport, with special attention paid to symplasmic transport in wood. Finally, the relevance of the spread of both macromolecules and viruses, via plasmodesmata, is presented.​