During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the imperial powers—principally Britain, the United States, Russia, France, Germany and Japan—signed treaties with China to secure trading, residence and other rights in cities on the coast, along important rivers, and in remote places further inland. The largest of them—the great treaty ports of Shanghai and Tientsin—became modern cities of international importance, centres of cultural exchange and safe havens for Chinese who sought to subvert the Qing government. They are also lasting symbols of the uninvited and often violent incursions by foreign powers during China’s century of weakness. The extraterritorial privileges that underpinned the treaty ports were abolished in 1943—a time when much of the treaty port world was under Japanese occupation. China’s Foreign Places provides a historical account of the hundred or more major foreign settlements that appeared in China during the period 1840 to 1943. Most of the entries are about treaty ports, large and small, but the book also includes colonies, leased territories, resorts and illicit centres of trade. Information has been drawn from a wide range of sources and entries are arranged alphabetically with extensive illustrations and maps. China’s Foreign Places is both a unique work of reference, essential for scholars of this period and travellers to modern China. It is also a fascinating account of the people, institutions and businesses that inhabited China’s treaty port world.

China's treaty port era extended from the 1840s to 1943, during which time foreigners had a significant presence. This book contains more than 700 photographs of many buildings from this period, most of them commissioned by non-Chinese people and companies. Many argue that they should never have been built, let alone still be standing. But this book is not concerned with the rights and wrongs of how these buildings came to be. It simply celebrates their existence. A significant number are innately beautiful and all of them embody a history that has clear and present links to our own time and thus remain relevant. This book was driven by the author's interest in the history of China's treaty port era, in which several generations of his family played a part. It is a tribute to the buildings that remain as a reminder of the past, and a guide to where to find them.

The first treaty ports in China were opened in 1843. Here, for nearly a century, foreign traders ruled their own settlements, administered their own laws, controlled their own police forces and ran the customs service. Despite typhoons, disease, banditry and riots, merchants and missionary families in the treaty ports led as far as possible a foreign life. In 1943 the treaty ports were returned to China and most of their inhabitants interned by the Japanese. Yet the record of their residency remains in Shanghai's solid office buildings, in Tientsin's mock Tudor facades, and in the Edwardian villas of Peitaiho and Amoy. The last inhabitants of the treaty ports are also still alive: through their reminiscences and the accounts of their predecessors Frances Wood recalls a foreign life lived in a foreign land.

Excerpt from Treaty Ports in China: A Study in Diplomacy There are four different kinds of commercial ports in China, which are now Opened to foreign trade. In this monograph the writer has only dealt with the subject Of the 'treaty ports'. Although I am not going to touch upon the other three kinds of commercial ports - 'ports voluntarily opened by China', 'ports in the Leased Terri tory', and 'ports of Call' - in this dissertation, nevertheless, it is advisable to point out the nature of these different kinds of ports in the preface. In the 'treaty port' the rights therein conferred upon the foreign powers are to be found in the treaties and agreements between China and the foreign powers. In these ports subjects of treaty powers are entitled to carry on their mercantile pursuits without molestation and restraint. The boundaries and the foreign jurisdiction in these ports are also defined by the diplomatic documents. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

In the first half of the twentieth century, a diverse community of Australians settled in Shanghai. There they forged a ‘China trade’, circulating goods, people and ideas across the South China Sea, from Shanghai and Hong Kong to Sydney and Melbourne. This trade has been largely forgotten in contemporary Australia, where future economic ties trump historical memory when it comes to popular perceptions of China. After the First World War, Australians turned to Chinese treaty ports, fleeing poverty and unemployment, while others sought to ‘save’ China through missionary work and socialist ideas. Chinese Australians, disillusioned by Australian racism under the White Australia Policy, arrived to participate in Chinese nation building and ended up forging business empires which survive to this day. This book follows the life trajectories of these Australians, providing a means by which we can address one of the pervading tensions of race, empire and nation in the twentieth century: the relationship between working-class aspirations for social mobility and the exclusionary and discriminatory practices of white settler societies.

Contrary to pervasive conventional views that Shanghai was little more than a fishing village prior to its opening as a Western treaty port in 1843, this social history of Shanghai shows that the city was a major commercial port long before the arrival of the British. The author traces the development of Shanghai from market town in the Song dynasty and county seat in the Yuan period to a center of cotton production in the Ming era and important port city in the Qing dynasty. By the early nineteenth century, Shanghai was among the twenty or so largest cities in China. Drawing on diverse Chinese materials - gazetteers, tariff manuals, and other internal sources - the author presents a China-centered perspective that stresses trends and continuities in the history of the Chinese city and situates the arrival of the West in the context of existing Chinese institutions, government policies, and commercial establishments.