Begun in 2009, the Northern Forest Futures Project takes a long-term, large-scale perspective by applying scenario analyses and other forward-looking analytical tools to help society understand the magnitude and consequences of cumulative forest changes anticipated over the next 50 years. Forests in the Northeast and Midwest are not just part of the landscape, they are part of all of our lives in the form of forest industry and sustainable rural communities (jobs, investment, tax base, economic activity), and outdoor recreation including hunting, birdwatching, camping, skiing, boating, and hiking. Forests give us clean water and clean air, renewable energy, and they sequester vast quantities of carbon from the atmosphere, partially offsetting carbon emissions associated with climate change. Research developed in the Northern Forest Futures Project gives forest owners, managers, and other decisionmakers information to guide sustainable management of the 174 million acres of public and private forests in the Northern United States.

5. 3. 2 Some facts and figures 177 5. 3. 3 Policy implications 179 5. 4 Tropical moist forest 182 5. 4. 1 Introduction 182 5. 4. 2 History 184 5. 4. 3 Policy considerations 186 5. 4. 4 Policy options 188 5. 5 Farm Forestry 190 5. 5. 1 Introduction 190 5. 5. 2 Types of farm forests 192 5. 5. 3 The dynamics in farm forestry 193 5. 5. 4 Forest policy and farm forestry 194 5. 6 Agroforestry 196 5. 6. 1 Introduction 196 5. 6. 2 History 198 5. 6. 3 Policy aspects 200 5. 7 Rural community development 203 5. 7. 1 Introduction 203 5. 7. 2 Developing countries 203 5. 7. 3 Developed countries 207 References 210 6 INSTITUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATION 213 by Fred Hummel 6. 1 Forest ownership 213 6. 1. 1 State forests 213 6. 1. 2 Forests owned by individuals 214 6. 1. 3 Communal forests 216 6. 1. 4 Co-operative forests 217 6. 1. 5 Forests owned by industry 218 6. 1. 6 Forests owned by institutions 219 6. 1. 7 Policy considerations 220 6. 2 Legislation 221 6. 2. 1 General considerations 222 6. 2. 2 Drafting and reviewing forest legislation 223 6. 2. 3 Specific legal issues (land, production, protection) 225 6. 3 Taxation and incentives 227 6. 3. 1 Taxation 228 6. 3. 2 Incentives 230 6. 4 Education and training 233 IX 6. 4.