Optimize Your Entire Requirements Process-and Use Requirements to Build More Successful Software Using IBM� Rational� RequisitePro�, you can systematically improve the way you create and maintain requirements-and use those requirements to build more effective, higher-quality software. Now, for the first time, there''s a comprehensive, hands-on guide to optimally using RequisitePro in real-world development environments. Utilizing a start-to-finish sample project, requirements expert Peter Zielczynski introduces an organized, best-practice approach to managing requirements and shows how to implement every step with RequisitePro. You''ll walk through planning, eliciting, and clarifying stakeholder requirements; building use cases and other key project documents; managing changing requirements; transforming requirements into designs; and much more. Every stage of the process is illuminated with examples, realistic artifacts, and practical solutions. This book is an invaluable resource for everyone who creates requirements, and everyone who relies on them: business analysts, systems analysts, project managers, architects, designers, developers, and testers alike. Coverage includes Overcoming the three leading causes of project failure: lack of user input, incomplete requirements and specifications, and poorly managed change Understanding each type of software requirement-how they interrelate, and what makes a good requirement Establishing a Requirements Management Plan that describes how requirements are created and handled throughout the project lifecycle Developing a Vision document that can drive your project from beginning to end Creating high-quality use cases Using requirements as the basis for system design Leveraging RequisitePro features for improved project management Integrating requirements management with the IBM Rational Unified Process� Foreword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxiii About the Author xxv Part I: Overview 1 Chapter 1: Requirements Management 3 Chapter 2: Overview of RequisitePro 23 Part II: Requirements Management Activities 33 Chapter 3: Establishing a Requirements Management Plan 35 Chapter 4: Setting up the Project 45 Chapter 5: Requirements Elicitation 63 Chapter 6: Developing a Vision Document 99 Chapter 7: Creating Use Cases 129 Chapter 8: Supplementary Specification 157 Chapter 9: Creating Test Cases from Use Cases 191 Chapter 10: Creating Test Cases from Supplementary Requirements 221 Chapter 11: Object-Oriented Design 243 Chapter 12: Documentation 273 Part III: Other Topics 285 Chapter 13: Managing Projects 287 Chapter 14: Requirements Management in the Rational Unified Process 295 Part IV: Review 311 Chapter 15: Summary 313 Appendix: Sample Requirements Management Plan 319 Index 327

This is the digital version of the printed book (Copyright © 2005). If you develop software without understanding the requirements, you're wasting your time. On the other hand, if a project spends too much time trying to understand the requirements, it will end up late and/or over-budget. And products that are created by such projects can be just as unsuccessful as those that fail to meet the basic requirements. Instead, every company must make a reasonable trade-off between what's required and what time and resources are available. Finding the right balance for your project may depend on many factors, including the corporate culture, the time-to-market pressure, and the criticality of the application. That is why requirements management—gathering requirements, identifying the "right" ones to satisfy, and documenting them—is essential. Just Enough Requirements Management shows you how to discover, prune, and document requirements when you are subjected to tight schedule constraints. You'll apply just enough process to minimize risks while still achieving desired outcomes. You'll determine how many requirements are just enough to satisfy your customers while still meeting your goals for schedule, budget, and resources. If your project has insufficient resources to satisfy all the requirements of your customers, you must read Just Enough Requirements Management.

Solid requirements engineering has become increasingly essential to on-time and on-budget delivery of software and systems projects. As more engineering programs make it a mandatory part of their curricula, students and working engineers require significant training to master the field, especially the complicated emerging ancillary software tools vital to the requirements engineering process. With a focus on software-intensive systems, Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems provides a probing and comprehensive review of recent developments in intelligent systems, soft computing techniques, and their diverse applications in manufacturing. Topics covered can be applied to the requirements engineering practices for: Advanced production machines and systems Collaborative and responsive manufacturing systems Digital manufacturing E-manufacturing E-business and virtual enterprises Fit manufacturing Human machine interfaces Innovative design technologies Intelligent and competitive manufacturing Intelligent planning and scheduling systems Mechatronics and MEMS Micro and nano manufacturing Production automation and control Reconfigurable manufacturing systems Sustainable manufacturing systems Robotics To illustrate key ideas associated with requirements engineering, the text presents three common example systems: an airline baggage handling system, a point-of-sale system for one location of a large pet store chain, and a system for a smart home in which one or more PCs control various aspects of the home’s functions. The selected systems encompass a wide range of applications—from embedded to organic, for both industrial and consumer uses.

Requirements engineering is one of the most complex and at the same time most crucial aspects of software engineering. It typically involves different stakeholders with different backgrounds. Constant changes in both the problem and the solution domain make the work of the stakeholders extremely dynamic. New problems are discovered, additional information is needed, alternative solutions are proposed, several options are evaluated, and new hands-on experience is gained on a daily basis. The knowledge needed to define and implement requirements is immense, often interdisciplinary and constantly expanding. It typically includes engineering, management and collaboration information, as well as psychological aspects and best practices. This book discusses systematic means for managing requirements knowledge and its owners as valuable assets. It focuses on potentials and benefits of “lightweight,” modern knowledge technologies such as semantic Wikis, machine learning, and recommender systems applied to requirements engineering. The 17 chapters are authored by some of the most renowned researchers in the field, distilling the discussions held over the last five years at the MARK workshop series. They present novel ideas, emerging methodologies, frameworks, tools and key industrial experience in capturing, representing, sharing, and reusing knowledge in requirements engineering. While the book primarily addresses researchers and graduate students, practitioners will also benefit from the reports and approaches presented in this comprehensive work.

The IBM® Midmarket Software Buying and Selling Guide is tailored specifically to help the management and IT staff of small and midsized businesses evaluate how the IBM midmarket portfolio can provide simple and cost-effective solutions to common business problems. Along with a midmarket customer focus, this IBM RedpaperTM publication is designed to help IBM teams and Business Partners be more effective in serving small and midsized businesses. We illustrate how IBM software for the midmarket can help businesses use the Web to reduce expenses, improve customer service, and expand into new markets. We cover the IBM software offering for the midmarket, which includes what the software does, the platforms it runs on, where to find more information, and how it can help your business become more profitable: - IBM Business Partners often keep a printed copy of this guide in their briefcases for software references - Customers can view this guide online and look up software-value messages and IBM product family offering comparisons - IBM Sales Representatives can print parts of this guide as "leave-behinds" for customers, to give them extra collateral on midmarket software of interest To make sure that you have the latest version of this guide, download it from this web address: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/redp3975.html?Open

The Complete Guide to Managing Work Items and Workflow with IBM® Rational® ClearQuest® and IBM Rational Team ConcertTM Work items are the lifeblood of software and hardware development. They tell development teams exactly who is doing what, which issues are resolved, which remain unresolved, and which products are impacted. In large, team-based projects, however, managing work items can be difficult. Now, two IBM Rational experts show how to simplify and improve every aspect of work item management with IBM Rational ClearQuest and the powerful and collaborative JazzTM-based products: IBM Rational Team Concert (RTC) and IBM Rational Quality Manager. Drawing on extensive experience with IBM customers, the authors tightly link theory with proven best practices, offering implementation guidance, detailed examples, and complete solutions. They present innovative solutions, introduce advanced customization techniques, and walk step-by-step through every phase of workflow development, from requirements through maintenance. They conclude with a full chapter of sample applications and solutions, ranging from Collaborative Application Lifecycle Management to SLAs. Coverage includes Understanding work items and their elements Using work items for changes, tasks, activities, test plans, test cases, risks, builds, and promotion Implementing best practices for work item application planning, analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance Describing workflows, including advanced dynamic workflows Incorporating roles in work items and using them to meet business needs Using ClearQuest packages and custom integrations, and making the most of Jazz platform integration technology Getting the most of out the CQ-ALM schema Implementing effective quality and performance metrics, SLAs, and governance Improving test management with IBM Rational Quality Manager work items Creating effective workflows for Scrum and other Agile projects

The Only Official RUP® Certification Prep Guide and Compact RUP Reference The IBM® Rational Unified Process® has become the de facto industry-standard process for large-scale enterprise software development. The IBM Certified Solution Designer - IBM Rational Unified Process V7.0 certification provides a powerful way for solutions developers to demonstrate their proficiency with RUP. The first and only official RUP certification guide, this book fully reflects the latest versions of the Rational Unified Process and of the IBM RUP exam. Authored by two leading RUP implementers, it draws on extensive contributions and careful reviews by the IBM RUP process leader and RUP certification manager. This book covers every facet of RUP usage. It has been carefully organized to help you prepare for your exam quickly and efficiently--and to provide a handy, compact reference you can rely on for years to come. Coverage includes A full section on RUP exam preparation and a 52-question practice exam Core RUP concepts, the new RUP process architecture, and key principles of business-driven development RUP’s architecture-centric approach to iterative development: practical issues and scenarios Patterns for successful RUP project implementation–and “anti-patterns” to avoid The Unified Method Architecture (UMA): basic content and process elements RUP content disciplines, in depth: Business Modeling, Requirements, Analysis and Design, Implementation, Test, Deployment, Project Management, Change and Configuration Management, and Environment Essential RUP work products, roles, and tasks RUP phases, activities, and milestones RUP tailoring and tools for your organization--including introductions to IBM Rational Method Composer (RMC) and MyRUP

“We need better approaches to understanding and managing software requirements, and Dean provides them in this book. He draws ideas from three very useful intellectual pools: classical management practices, Agile methods, and lean product development. By combining the strengths of these three approaches, he has produced something that works better than any one in isolation.” –From the Foreword by Don Reinertsen, President of Reinertsen & Associates; author of Managing the Design Factory; and leading expert on rapid product development Effective requirements discovery and analysis is a critical best practice for serious application development. Until now, however, requirements and Agile methods have rarely coexisted peacefully. For many enterprises considering Agile approaches, the absence of effective and scalable Agile requirements processes has been a showstopper for Agile adoption. In Agile Software Requirements, Dean Leffingwell shows exactly how to create effective requirements in Agile environments. Part I presents the “big picture” of Agile requirements in the enterprise, and describes an overall process model for Agile requirements at the project team, program, and portfolio levels Part II describes a simple and lightweight, yet comprehensive model that Agile project teams can use to manage requirements Part III shows how to develop Agile requirements for complex systems that require the cooperation of multiple teams Part IV guides enterprises in developing Agile requirements for ever-larger “systems of systems,” application suites, and product portfolios This book will help you leverage the benefits of Agile without sacrificing the value of effective requirements discovery and analysis. You’ll find proven solutions you can apply right now–whether you’re a software developer or tester, executive, project/program manager, architect, or team leader.

A classic treatise that defined the field of applied demand analysis, Consumer Demand in the United States: Prices, Income, and Consumption Behavior is now fully updated and expanded for a new generation. Consumption expenditures by households in the United States account for about 70% of Americaâ__s GDP. The primary focus in this book is on how households adjust these expenditures in response to changes in price and income. Econometric estimates of price and income elasticities are obtained for an exhaustive array of goods and services using data from surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, providing a better understanding of consumer demand. Practical models for forecasting future price and income elasticities are also demonstrated. Fully revised with over a dozen new chapters and appendices, the book revisits the original Taylor-Houthakker models while examining new material as well, such as the use of quantile regression and the stationarity of consumer preference. It also explores the emerging connection between neuroscience and consumer behavior, integrating the economic literature on demand theory with psychology literature. The most comprehensive treatment of the topic to date, this volume will be an essential resource for any researcher, student or professional economist working on consumer behavior or demand theory, as well as investors and policymakers concerned with the impact of economic fluctuations.

Leverage Your Security Expertise in IBM® System zTM Mainframe Environments For over 40 years, the IBM mainframe has been the backbone of the world’s largest enterprises. If you’re coming to the IBM System z mainframe platform from UNIX®, Linux®, or Windows®, you need practical guidance on leveraging its unique security capabilities. Now, IBM experts have written the first authoritative book on mainframe security specifically designed to build on your experience in other environments. Even if you’ve never logged onto a mainframe before, this book will teach you how to run today’s z/OS® operating system command line and ISPF toolset and use them to efficiently perform every significant security administration task. Don’t have a mainframe available for practice? The book contains step-by-step videos walking you through dozens of key techniques. Simply log in and register your book at www.ibmpressbooks.com/register to gain access to these videos. The authors illuminate the mainframe’s security model and call special attention to z/OS security techniques that differ from UNIX, Linux, and Windows. They thoroughly introduce IBM’s powerful Resource Access Control Facility (RACF) security subsystem and demonstrate how mainframe security integrates into your enterprise-wide IT security infrastructure. If you’re an experienced system administrator or security professional, there’s no faster way to extend your expertise into “big iron” environments. Coverage includes Mainframe basics: logging on, allocating and editing data sets, running JCL jobs, using UNIX System Services, and accessing documentation Creating, modifying, and deleting users and groups Protecting data sets, UNIX file system files, databases, transactions, and other resources Manipulating profiles and managing permissions Configuring the mainframe to log security events, filter them appropriately, and create usable reports Using auditing tools to capture static configuration data and dynamic events, identify weaknesses, and remedy them Creating limited-authority administrators: how, when, and why