Heat Exchangers: Operation, Performance, and Maintenance, Third Edition covers heat exchanger installation, commissioning and operation, and maintenance and performance monitoring in service. Focusing on in-service issues like flow-induced vibration, corrosion, and corrosion control, and fouling and fouling control, the book explores performance deterioration in service, maintenance issues, defects, tube failures, and how to detect these issues with NDT methods. It discusses various cleaning processes and repair methods. The book also considers boilers, utility boilers, coal-based thermal power plants, boiler corrosion, and boiler degradation mechanisms. It discusses different types of cooling systems, feedwater treatment, deaerators, feedwater heaters, economizers, condensers, cooling towers, and cooling-water management. The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, power plant engineers, and engineers in the field of heat exchanger design, including pressure vessel manufacturers.

Technical Report from the year 2013 in the subject Materials Science, grade: B, Robert Gordon University Aberdeen, course: MSc Oil and Gas Engineering, language: English, abstract: A high pressure gas cooler located in an offshore platform have been operating for more than 10 years. Throughout that period the gas cooler have been subjected to several tube failures, the failures have caused gas leak from the tube side. Several materials upgrades have been used to contain the tube failure. The last choice was to use a more corrosion resistant material Hastelloy C22. Crevice corrosion has been reported as the primary failure mechanism. The tube and tube plate joined surfaces have been exposed to high temperature which is relatively higher than the critical crevice temperature of Hastelloy C22. There was a poor heat transfer between the shell side fluid and tube side due to a small heat transfer area and low fluid velocity in the affected zone. Stress corrosion and fatigue corrosion accounted for the secondary failure mechanism which ultimately caused a crack in the tubes. Other possible reason identified to cause crevice corrosion was the mechanical rolling expansion technique. Oftentimes it creates rear crevices on the tubes with enough geometry to develop crevice chemistry. Mitigation methods such as hydraulic expansion technique, heat treatment for residual stresses and baffle design enhancements have been proposed in this report. Key words: shell and tube heat exchanger failure; Hastelloy C22 material; tube failure; localized corrosion; crevice corrosion; internal pitting corrosion

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - Metal Engineering, Metal Processing, Metal Structure, grade: B+, Robert Gordon University Aberdeen, course: Oil and Gas Engineering, language: English, abstract: As a Corrosion Expert, this report centred around the failure investigation of a shell and tube heat exchanger due to corrosion mechanisms. The different types of corrosion, its effect resulting to the failure and possible solutions and recommendations were submitted to the client for further action. The report also sheds light on the alloys used for the design and better alternatives to be used to prevent future degradation of the shell and tube heat exchangers.

The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace