The contents of this book have been chosen with the following main aims: to review the present coverage of the major design codes and the CIRIA guide, and to explain the fundamental behaviour of deep beams; to provide information on design topics which are inadequately covered by the current codes and design manuals; and to give authoritative revie

The contents of this book have been chosen with the following main aims: to review the present coverage of the major design codes and the CIRIA guide, and to explain the fundamental behaviour of deep beams; to provide information on design topics which are inadequately covered by the current codes and design manuals; and to give authoritative reviews of some powerful concepts and techniques for the design and analysis of deep beams.

Reliability of Structures enables both students and practising engineers to appreciate how to value and handle reliability as an important dimension of structural design. It discusses the concepts of limit states and limit state functions, and presents methodologies for calculating reliability indices and calibrating partial safety factors. It also supplies information on the probability distributions and parameters used to characterize both applied loads and member resistances. This revised and extended second edition contains more discussions of US and international codes and the issues underlying their development. There is significant revision and expansion of the discussion on Monte Carlo simulation, along with more examples. The book serves as a textbook for a one-semester course for advanced undergraduates or graduate students, or as a reference and guide to consulting structural engineers. Its emphasis is on the practical applications of structural reliability theory rather than the theory itself. Consequently, probability theory is treated as a tool, and enough is given to show the novice reader how to calculate reliability. Some background in structural engineering and structural mechanics is assumed. A solutions manual is available upon qualifying course adoption.

The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used in this manner. The Code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code portion cannot be included. The Commentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the Code portion are discussed within the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited.

This book compiles state-of-the-art information on the behavior, analysis, and design of concrete beams containing transverse openings. Discussions include the need, effects, and classification of openings as well as the general requirements for fulfilling design pure bending, combined bending, and shear - illustrated with numerical examples torsion alone or in combination with bending and shear large rectangular openings as well as opening size and location on beam behavior methods for analyzing ultimate strength and serviceability requirements effects of torsion in beams large openings in continuous beams and their effects on possible redistribution of internal forces as well as guidelines and procedures for the design of such beams effect of prestressing on the serviceability and strength of beams with web openings design against cracking at openings and ultimate loads Concrete Beams with Openings serves as an invaluable source of information for designers and practicing engineers, especially useful since little or no provision or guidelines are currently available in most building codes.

Behavioral equations were developed for reinforced concrete deep beams, especially in the realm of shear capacity. A series of static and dynamic beam tests was performed to aid in the development of this objective. Static shear behavior equations for deep beams were derived on the lower boundary of reinforced concrete deep beam data represented by research from this report and other research comprising 73 tests. Equations for a total static shear capacity are given which conservatively predict shear capacities of the beam tests considered. (Author).

Tests were performed on deep beams under a midspan load to determine the scaling of cracking and ultimate load-carrying capacities of beams failing in shear. Two types of scaling procedures were used, one in which only the geometries are scaled (replica of mach models), the other in which both geometry and material properties are scaled (dissimilar-strength or environmental models). The results of twenty simply supported beams tested statically with span-to-depth ratios of 4.67, 3.88, 2.80, and 2.00 and comprising 1/4- and 1/2-scale models and laboratory prototypes are presented. Two prototype beams with L/d ratios of 4.67 and 3.88 were tested dynamically to provide some correlation between statically and dynamically loaded beams. Test results indicate that cracking loads can be adequately predicted from both replica and dissimilar-strength models and ultimate loads can be predicted from replica models for all span-to-depth ratios tested. When transition from beam to arch action occurs, the dissimilar-strength models underpredict the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the prototypes. (Author).