Published in 1999. The liberalization process in Latin America during the 1990s resulted in the increase and diversification of trade in the region. Brazil, as a major player, strengthened its insertion into the world economy through the adoption of strategies for opening up markets and of new production technologies; complemented more recently by the creation of a broadly based stabilization plan. In this context, issues related to structural changes in the economy, such as those involving the complexity of new international trading agreements and their impact on the Brazilian economy, warrant special attention. The results of this study suggest that the interplay of market forces in the Brazilian economy favour the more developed region of the country.

This title was first published in 2001. Significant changes have occurred in the Brazilian economy over the last decade yet this is one of the first volumes to draw them together into a comprehensive discussion. It is suitable for development economists, regional scientists, policy analysts and those scholars with an interest in access to a wide range of economic analyses of structural changes in the Brazilian economy.

?Baer?s book has become the standard, authoritative reference for those who need to understand the current workings, as well as the historical evolution, of the Brazilian economy. This timely and welcome new edition sheds important light on the policy challenges facing Brazil in the 21st century.??Riordan Roett, Johns Hopkins UniversityIn this thorough description and analysis of Latin America?s largest economy, Werner Baer traces the trajectory of Brazil?s economic development from the colonial period through the current Lula administration.The sixth edition includes vast amounts of new statistical and institutional information, as well as a detailed assessment of the country?s economic performance over the last decade. Current, and often contentious, issues such as privatization, income and regional inequalities, and the environmental impact of development are also extensively explored.Designed to be broadly accessible, this new edition will be valuable in a wide range of venues, from universities to the corporate world to the libraries of development organizations. Werner Baer is Jorge Lemann Professor of Economics at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. Among his most recent publications are Liberalization and its Consequences and Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America: Its Changing Nature at the Turn of the Century.Contents: Introduction. The Historical Trajectory. The Colonial Period and the Nineteenth Century. Early Industrial Growth. Post?World War II Industrialization: 1946?1961. From Stagnation and Boom to the Debt Crisis: 1961?1985. Inflation and Economic Drift: 1985?1994. The Real Plan and the End of Inflation: 1994?2002. Economic Orthodoxy vs. Social Development: 2002?2007. Exploring Central Issues. The External Sector: Trade and Foreign Investments. The Changing Public Sector and the Impact of Privatization. Regional Inequalities. The Agricultural Sector. The Environmental Impact of Development. Healthcare. Neoliberalism and Market Concentration: The Emergence of a Contradiction? Conclusion. Structural Changes in Brazil?s Economy: 1960?2006.

Brazil is a country of continental proportions whose gross domestic product is unevenly distributed among its various regions. The impact of general domestic economic policies has often been perceived as not being regionally neutral, but as reinforcing the geographic concentration of economic activities. This detailed book examines the regional impact of such general policies as: industrialization, agricultural modernization, privatization, stabilization, science and technology, labor, and foreign direct investment. Written by recognized and respected scholars, this book fills a significant gap in the current literature on regional development in Brazil. Researchers and students in economics, economic history, political science and regional studies, and others interested in the economics of transition to a market system will find this comprehensive collection an invaluable resource.

First published in 1982, this work builds on the detailed economic history of Brazil in its companion volume: "Economic Structure and Change, 1822-1947", assessing and challenging the established interpretations. The book covers in depth the causes of the Northeast' s poor economic experience and the emergence of significant regional inequality in Brazil' s development. In his analysis of the role of Government in Brazil' s economic development, the author offers a fresh perspective on the importance of public finance constraints ...

Abstract: This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact that the representative household hypothesis is replaced by a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities (which produce 52 commodities), located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. Model results show that even important trade policy shocks, such as those applied in this study, do not generate dramatic changes in the structure of poverty and income distribution in the Brazilian economy. The simulated effects on poverty and income distribution are positive, but rather small. The benefits are concentrated in the poorest households.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

Brazil is a globally vital but troubled economy. This volume offers comprehensive insight into Brazil's economic development, focusing on its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. This innovative Oxford Handbook provides an understanding of the economy's evolution over time and highlights the implications of the past trajectory and decisions for current challenges and opportunities. The opening section covers the country's economic history, beginning with the colonial economy, through import-substitution, to the era of neoliberalism. Second, it analyses Brazil's broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Particular attention is given to the productive sectors of Brazil's economy, for example manufacturing, agriculture, services, energy, and infrastructure. In addition to discussions of regional differences within Brazil, socio-economic dimensions are examined. These include income distribution, human capital, environmental issues, and health. Also included is a discussion of Brazil in the world economy, such as the increase in "South-South" cooperation and trade as well as foreign direct investment. Last but not least is a discussion of the role of the Brazilian state in the economy, whether through state enterprises, competition policy, or corruption.

The emphasis of this book is on the structural aspects of the Brazilian economy, although analyses of economic performance are also covered. A central theme is that growth with social development requires structural reforms, such as the reorganisation of public finances and other matters.