This volume constitutes the combined proceedings of the 4th International Workshops on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR '94) and on Meta-Programming (META '94), held jointly in Pisa, Italy in June 1994. This book includes thoroughly revised versions of the best papers presented at both workshops. The main topics addressed by the META papers are language extensions in support of meta-logic, semantics of meta-logic, implementation of meta-logic features, performance of meta-logic, and several applicational aspects. The LOPSTR papers are devoted to unfolding/folding, partial deduction, proofs as programs, inductive logic programming, automated program verification, specification and programming methodologies.

The text contains a detailed and current presentation of the program analyses and transformations that extract the flow of data in computer memory systems. The emphasis is on a framework for the optimization of code for imperative programs and greater computer systems efficiency. In addition, the author shows that correctness of program transformations is guaranteed by the conservation of data flow. Professionals and researchers in software engineering, computer engineering, program design analysis, and compiler design will benefit from its presentation of data-flow methods and memory optimization of compilers.

This volume contains the papers from the Seventh International Workshop on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation, LOPSTR '97, that took place in Leuven, Belgium, on July 10–12, 1997, 'back to back' with the Fourteenth International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP '97. Both ICLP and LOPSTR were organised by the K.U. Leuven Department of Computer Science. LOPSTR '97 was sponsored by Compulog Net and by the Flanders Research Network on Declarative Methods in Computer Science. LOPSTR '97 had 39 participants from 13 countries. There were two invited talks by Wolfgang Bibel (Darmstadt) on 'A multi level approach to program synthesis', and by Henning Christiansen (Roskilde) on 'Implicit program synthesis by a reversible metainterpreter'. Extended versions of both talks appear in this volume. There were 19 technical papers accepted for presentation at LOPSTR '97, out of 33 submissions. Of these, 15 appear in extended versions in this volume. Their topics range over the fields of program synthesis, program transformation, program analysis, tabling, metaprogramming, and inductive logic programming.

1 The tenth anniversary of the LOPSTR symposium provided the incentive for this volume. LOPSTR started in 1991 as a workshop on logic program synthesis and transformation, but later it broadened its scope to logic-based program development in general, that is, program development in computational logic, and hence the title of this volume. The motivating force behind LOPSTR has been the belief that declarative paradigms such as logic programming are better suited to program development tasks than traditional non-declarative ones such as the imperative paradigm. Speci?cation, synthesis, transformation or specialization, analysis, debugging and veri?cation can all be given logical foundations, thus providing a unifying framework for the whole development process. In the past 10 years or so, such a theoretical framework has indeed begun to emerge. Even tools have been implemented for analysis, veri?cation and speci- ization. However,itisfairtosaythatsofarthefocushaslargelybeenonprogrammi- in-the-small. So the future challenge is to apply or extend these techniques to programming-in-the-large, in order to tackle software engineering in the real world. Returning to this volume, our aim is to present a collection of papers that re?ect signi?cant research e?orts over the past 10 years. These papers cover the wholedevelopmentprocess:speci?cation,synthesis,analysis,transformationand specialization, as well as semantics and systems.

This volume contains selected papers from LOPSTR 2003, the 13th Inter- tional Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation. The LOPSTR series is devoted to research in logic-based program development. P- ticular topics of interest are speci?cation, synthesis, veri?cation, transformation, specialization, analysis, optimization, composition, reuse, component-based so- ware development, agent-based software development, software architectures, design patterns and frameworks, program re?nement and logics for re?nement, proofs as programs, and applications and tools. LOPSTR 2003 took place at the University of Uppsala from August 25 to August 27 as part of PLI 2003 (Principles, Logics, and Implementations of High- Level Programming Languages). PLI was an ACM-organized confederation of conferences and workshops with ICFP 2003 (ACM-SIGPLAN International C- ference on Functional Programming) and PPDP 2003 (ACM-SIGPLAN Inter- tional Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming) as the main events. The LOPSTR community pro?ted from the shared lectures of the invited speakers, and the active scienti?c discussions enabled by the co-location. LOPSTR 2003 was the thirteenth in a series of events. Past events were held in Manchester, UK (1991, 1992, 1998), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (1993), Pisa, Italy (1994), Arnhem, The Netherlands (1995), Stockholm, Sweden (1996), L- ven, Belgium (1997), Venice, Italy (1999), London, UK (2000), Paphos, Cyprus (2001), and Madrid, Spain (2002).

This book presents recent advances in the field of nanoscale characterization of ferroelectric materials using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). It addresses various imaging mechanisms of ferroelectric domains in SPM, quantitative analysis of the piezoresponse signals as well as basic physics of ferroelectrics at the nanoscale level, such as nanoscale switching, scaling effects, and transport behavior. This state-of-the-art review of theory and experiments on nanoscale polarization phenomena will be a useful reference for advanced readers as well for newcomers and graduate students interested in the SPM techniques. The non-specialists will obtain valuable information about different approaches to electrical characterization by SPM, while researchers in the ferroelectric field will be provided with details of SPM-based measurements of ferroelectrics.

This book contains selected papers from the ONR Workshop on Parallel Algorithm Design and Program Transformation that took place at New York University, Courant Institute, from Aug. 30 to Sept. 1, 1991. The aim of the workshop was to bring together computer scientists in transformational programming and parallel algorithm design in order to encourage a sharing of ideas that might benefit both communities. It was hoped that exposurt: to algorithm design methods developed within the algorithm community would stimulate progress in software development for parallel architectures within the transformational community. It was also hoped that exposure to syntax directed methods and pragmatic programming concerns developed within the transformational community would encourage more realistic theoretical models of parallel architectures and more systematic and algebraic approaches to parallel algorithm design within the algorithm community. The workshop Organizers were Robert Paige, John Reif, and Ralph Wachter. The workshop was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under grant number N00014-90-J-1421. There were 44 attendees, 28 presentations, and 5 system demonstrations. All attendees were invited to submit a paper for publication in the book. Each submitted paper was refereed by participants from the Workshop. The final decision on publication was made by the editors. There were several motivations for holding the workshop and for publishing papers contributed by its participants. Transformational programming and parallel computation are two emerging fields that may ultimately depend on each other for success.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, LOPSTR 2019, held in Porto, Portugal, in October 2019. The 15 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. In addition to the 15 papers, this volume includes 2 invited papers. The symposium cover all aspects of logic-based program development, stages of the software life cycle, and issues of both programming-in-the-small and programming-in-the-large. This year LOPSTR extends its traditional topics to include also logic-based program development based on integration of sub-symbolic and symbolic models, on machine learning techniques and on differential semantics. The papers are grouped into the following topics: static analysis, program synthesis, constraints and unification, debugging and verification, and program transformation.